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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1003</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2024-14-3-41-48</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEAD AND NECK TUMORS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ГОЛОВЫ И ШЕИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative analysis of the expression of р16, PD-L1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and CUP syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительный анализ уровня экспрессии p16 и PD-L1 при плоскоклеточном раке ротоглотки и CUP-синдроме</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9026-1153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>32 Barnaulskaya St., Tyumen 625041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>625041 Тюмень, ул. Барнаульская, 32</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0899-0809</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>54 Odesskaya St., Tyumen 625023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>625023 Тюмень, ул. Одесская, 54</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-2261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guz</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гузь</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42 Blukhera St., 454087 Chelyabinsk</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>454087 Челябинск, ул. Блюхера, 42</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-2469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>32 Barnaulskaya St., Tyumen 625041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>625041 Тюмень, ул. Барнаульская, 32</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tyumen Region Multidisciplinary Clinical Medical Center “Medical City”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ ТО «Многопрофильный клинический медицинский центр “Медицинский город”»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tyumen State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Тюменский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Chelyabinsk Region Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Челябинский областной центр онкологии и ядерной медицины»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Sokolova M.I., Pavlova V.I., Guz A.O., Simonov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Соколова М.И., Павлова В.И., Гузь А.О., Симонов А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sokolova M.I., Pavlova V.I., Guz A.O., Simonov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соколова М.И., Павлова В.И., Гузь А.О., Симонов А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1003">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1003</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. metastases in the absence of a primary tumor (cancer of unknown primary (Cup) syndrome) are diagnosed in 2–4 % of malignant tumor cases. This pathology is characterized by early metastatic dissemination, weak response to conventional chemotherapy, and aggressive progression. The use of checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (pD-1) and its ligand (pD-L1) has shown good results in treatment of various cancers including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OpSCC). In Cup syndrome, the effectiveness of checkpoint inhibitors is rarely investigated, and pD-L1 expression is often not measured.Aim. To compare the frequency of p16 and pD-L1 hyperexpression in OpSCC and Cup syndrome, and to analyze dependency of survival rates on the level of expression of p16, the most important prognostic marker.Materials and methods. The study included 121 patients (59 with OpSCC and 62 with Cup syndrome) who received medical treatment in the multidisciplinary medical Center “medical City” (Tyumen) and Chelyabinsk Oncological Center of Oncology and Nuclear medicine between 2019 and 2023. Immunohistochemical examination was performed using the vENTANA Benchmark gX with primary antibodies against pD-L1 (clone Sp263, uSA) and р16 (uS Biological, uSA). Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SpSS 26 software. Long-term treatment outcomes were evaluated using 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates and median survival. Overall survival was analyzed using the kaplan-meier method. Statistical significance of the differences was evaluated using the Cox model.Results. The studied groups did not differ by sex (p = 0.472), age (р = 0.640), and N stage (р = 0.262). patient age in the whole population varied between 42 and 81 years (median age 61.89 ± 11.9 years; mean age 60.81 ± 9.8 years). pD-L1 expression rate was higher in Cup syndrome at 92 % compared to 73 % in OpSCC (statistically significant difference; р = 0.01). Analysis of the association of ORSCC and Cup syndrome with human papilloma virus showed statistically significant difference in p16 hyperexpression: patients with OpSCC had p16-positive status more frequently (53 % of cases) while patients with Cup syndrome mostly had p16-negative status (73 % of cases). mean life expectancy of patients with OpSCC and p16-positive status was 62.65 months (95 % confidence interval 54.98–70.31), minimal observation period was 12 months, maximal was 70 months. mean life expectancy of patients with Cup syndrome and positive p16 status was 66.22 months (95 % confidence interval 56.35–76.10), minimal observation period was 12 months, maximal was 70 months. No statistically significant differences in survival rates of patients with OpSCC and Cup syndrome were found (р = 0.999).Conclusion. The study showed higher pD-L1 expression in patients with Cup syndrome compared to patients with OpSCC: 92 and 73 %, respectively (р = 0.01). The obtained results highlight the importance of routine pD-L1 expression evaluation in patients with Cup syndrome. The frequency of p16 hyperexpression was higher in OpSCC compared to Cup syndrome: 53 % versus 27 % (р = 0.02) which agrees with the worldwide epidemiological data: among all malignant neoplasms of the head and neck, Hpv infection is most common in OpSCC. Therefore, it serves as an important sign of hidden oropharyngeal cancer in Cup syndrome.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Введение. Метастазы без выявленного первичного очага (Cup-синдром, Cup – cancer of unknown primary) встречаются в 2–4 % случаев злокачественных опухолей. Отличительными чертами данной патологии являются ранняя метастатическая диссеминация, слабый ответ на традиционную химиотерапию и агрессивное течение. Использование ингибиторов иммунных контрольных точек, нацеленных на рецептор программируемой клеточной гибели 1 (pD-1) и его лиганд (pD-L1), продемонстрировало хорошие результаты в лечении различных типов рака, в том числе плоскоклеточного рака ротоглотки (пРР). при Cup-синдроме эффективность ингибиторов иммунных контрольных точек редко исследуется, а экспрессия pD-L1 зачастую не оценивается.Цель исследования – сравнить частоту гиперэкспресии р16 и pD-L1 при пРР и Cup-синдроме, а также проанализировать зависимость показателей выживаемости от уровня экспрессии наиболее значимого прогностического маркера – р16.Материалы и методы. В исследование включен 121 пациент (59 – с пРР и 62 – с Cup-синдромом), с 2019 по 2023 г. получавший лечение в многопрофильном клиническом медицинском центре «Медицинский город» (г. Тюмень) и челябинском областном центре онкологии и ядерной медицины. Иммуногистохимическое исследование проводилось с помощью vENTANA Benchmark gX с первичными антителами к pD-L1 (clone Sp263, сшА) и р16 (uS Biological, сшА). статистическая обработка данных проводилась с использованием статистической программы SpSS 26. Отдаленные результаты лечения оценены по показателям 1-, 3-, 5-летней выживаемости и медианы выживаемости. Для анализа общей выживаемости использовали метод Каплана–Майера. статистическую достоверность выявленных различий оценивали с помощью критерия Кокса.Результаты. Изучаемые группы достоверно не различались по полу (p = 0,472), возрасту (р = 0,640) пациентов и стадии N (р = 0,262). Возраст больных в общей выборке варьировал от 42 лет до 81 года (медиана возраста – 61,89 ± 11,9 года; средний возраст 60,81 ± 9,8 года). частота экспрессии pD-L1 оказалась выше при Cup-синдроме и составила 92 %, при пРР – 73 % (различия статистически значимы; р = 0,01). при анализе ассоциации пРР и Cup-синдрома с вирусом папилломы человека выявлено статистически значимое различие в гиперэкспрессии р16: у пациентов с пРР чаще наблюдался положительный р16-статус (53 % случаев), тогда как у пациентов с Cup-синдромом – р16-отрицательный (73 % случаев). средняя продолжительность жизни больных пРР с р16-положительным статусом составила 62,65 мес (95 % доверительный интервал 54,98–70,31), минимальный срок наблюдения – 12 мес, максимальный – 70 мес. средняя продолжительность жизни больных с Cup-синдромом и положительным р16-статусом оказалась равна 66,22 мес (95 % доверительный интервал 56,35–76,10), минимальный срок наблюдения – 12 мес, максимальный – 70 мес. статистически значимых различий в показателях выживаемости пациентов с пРР и Cup-синдромом не обнаружено (р = 0,999).Заключение. В ходе исследования у пациентов с Cup-синдромом выявлена более высокая экспрессия pD-L1 по сравнению с пациентами с пРР: 92 и 73 % соответственно (р = 0,01). полученные результаты подчеркивают важность рутинного исследования уровня экспрессии pD-L1 у больных с сup-синдромом. частота встречаемости гиперэкспрессии р16 при пРР была выше, чем при Cup-синдроме: 53 % против 27 % (р = 0,02), что согласуется с мировыми эпидемиологическими данными: из всех злокачественных новообразований головы и шеи Впч-инфекция наиболее распространена при пРР, а следовательно, является важным признаком наличия скрыто протекающего орофарингеального рака при Cup-синдроме. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Cup syndrome</kwd><kwd>squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx</kwd><kwd>expression of р16</kwd><kwd>expression of programmed death-ligand 1</kwd><kwd>overall survival</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Cup-синдром</kwd><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак ротоглотки</kwd><kwd>экспрессия р16</kwd><kwd>экспрессия лиганда рецептора программируемой клеточной гибели 1</kwd><kwd>общая выживаемость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Global Burden of Disease Cancer. 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