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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1043</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2025-15-1-56-66</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus structure and types of its pneumatization</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анатомические варианты строения клиновидной пазухи и типы ее пневматизации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-5031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nersesyan</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нерсесян</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Marina Vladislavovna Nersesyan </bold></p><p><italic>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198,</italic></p><p><italic>Bld. 2, 2 Rublevskoe Predmest’e, Gluhovo Village, Krasnogorsk 143421</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Марина Владиславовна Нерсесян </bold></p><p><italic>117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6,</italic></p><p><italic>143421 Красногорск, д. Глухово, ул. Рублевское предместье, 2, корп. 2</italic></p></bio><email>nermarina@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5924-1634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ghazal</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газаль</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Hisham Ghazal </bold></p><p><italic>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Хишам Газаль </bold></p><p><italic>117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</italic></p></bio><email>Hichamghazal5592@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3309-4683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popadyuk</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попадюк</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198</italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center of Head and Neck Surgery of the Ilyinskaya Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр хирургии головы и шеи АО «Ильинская больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-28"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-28"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Nersesyan M.V., Ghazal H., Popadyuk V.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Нерсесян М.В., Газаль Х., Попадюк В.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nersesyan M.V., Ghazal H., Popadyuk V.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нерсесян М.В., Газаль Х., Попадюк В.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1043">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1043</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the achievements in otorhinolaryngology and radiology, the sphenoid sinus has been and still remains to be subject of interest for rhinologists in all over the world. This is primarily is due to the rapid development of endoscopic surgery of the sphenoid sinus, skull base and of endoscopic neurosurgery, which made transphenoidal approach possible for excision of various pathology the sellar and parasellar location. The sphenoid sinus is extremely variable in its development and pneumatization, which often make the surgery difficult to perform. Therefore, it is consider that, both endoscopic sphenotomy and transsphenoidal surgeries are contraindicated in some types of sphenoid sinus pneumatization due to the high risk of complications.</p><p>A detailed analysis of sphenoid sinus pneumatization variants, its relationship with neighboring neurovascular structures is presented in our paper. The presented data will allow for a better understanding of its anatomy, which is important for the detailed planning of endoscopic sphenotomy and transsphenoidal operations. This will help increasing the surgical efficiency by avoiding severe complications associated with surgery of the base of the skull region.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на значительные достижения в оториноларингологии и лучевой диагностике, клиновидная пазуха была и остается предметом интереса ученых-ринологов во всем мире. Это связано, в первую очередь, с бурным развитием эндоскопической хирургии клиновидной пазухи и основания черепа и эндоскопической нейрохирургии, благодаря которому стали возможны транссфеноидальные хирургические вмешательства при различной патологии селлярной и околоселлярной локализаций. Клиновидная пазуха чрезвычайно вариабельна по строению и пневматизации, что зачастую затрудняет проведение хирургических вмешательств. считается, что при некоторых видах ее пневматизации эндоскопическая сфенотомия и транссфеноидальные операции противопоказаны в связи с высоким риском развития осложнений.</p><p>В статье представлены варианты пневматизации клиновидной пазухи и ее расположение относительно соседних сосудисто-нервных структур при различных типах строения. Данные, содержащиеся в этой работе, позволят лучше понять анатомию клиновидной пазухи, что важно для детального планирования эндоскопической сфенотомии и транссфеноидальных операций. Это поможет повысить эффективность хирургических вмешательств и избежать развития тяжелых осложнений, с которыми сопряжены операции на основании черепа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sphenoid sinus</kwd><kwd>anatomical variations of sphenoid sinus</kwd><kwd>sphenoid sinus pneumatization</kwd><kwd>classification of sphenoid sinus</kwd><kwd>sphenoiditis</kwd><kwd>endoscopic sphenotomy</kwd><kwd>transsphenoidal surgery</kwd><kwd>complication of sphenothomy</kwd><kwd>complication of transsphenoidal surgery</kwd><kwd>cellular location</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>клиновидная пазуха</kwd><kwd>анатомическое строение клиновидной пазухи</kwd><kwd>пневматизация клиновидной пазухи</kwd><kwd>классификация пневматизации клиновидной пазухи</kwd><kwd>сфеноидит</kwd><kwd>эндоскопическая сфенотомия</kwd><kwd>транссфеноидальная хирургия</kwd><kwd>осложнение сфенотомии</kwd><kwd>осложнение транссфеноидальной хирургии</kwd><kwd>селлярная локализация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nersesyan M.V., Anyutin R.G. 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