<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1098</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2025-15-3-12-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEAD AND NECK TUMORS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ГОЛОВЫ И ШЕИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The impact of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent therapy on survival outcomes in patients with anemia associated with metastatic malignancies (а systematic review and meta-analysis)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние терапии эритропоэзстимулирующими препаратами на выживаемость пациентов с анемией при метастатических злокачественных новообразованиях (систематический обзор и метаанализ)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7142-2986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononenko</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононенко</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inessa Borisovna Kononenko </p><p>51 3<sup>rd </sup>Parkovaya St., Moscow 105425</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инесса Борисовна Кононенко</p><p>105425 Москва,  ул. 3-я Парковая, 51, стр. 4</p></bio><email>Inessa.kononenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-5681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Snegovoy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снеговой</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>51 3<sup>rd </sup>Parkovaya St., Moscow 105425</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>105425 Москва,  ул. 3-я Парковая, 51, стр. 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – a branch of National Medical Research Radiology Centre, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский центр урологии и интервенционной радиологии им. Н.А. Лопаткина – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-30"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-30"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Kononenko I.B., Snegovoy A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Кононенко И.Б., Снеговой А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kononenko I.B., Snegovoy A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кононенко И.Б., Снеговой А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1098">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1098</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) hold the key place in the treatment of anemia in patients with cancer. Their clinical effectiveness is confirmed by the results of numerous studies, including meta-analyses. However, the impact of ESA on overall survival and progression-free survival remains a matter of debate due to the heterogeneity of results and differences in clinical trial design. In this regard, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESA in cancer patients with anemia.</p><p><bold>Aim. </bold>To evaluate the effect of ESA on overall survival, progression-free survival, objective response rate, and incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anemic patients receiving anticancer therapy for malignancies with metastasis.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A systematic review and meta-analysis of results of controlled randomized clinical trials conducted during 2012–2025 and evaluating effect of EpA on the survival of patients with malignancies with metastatic involvement and anemia have been performed. In 6 databases, 529 publications on this topic were found. The analysis included 4 randomized clinical trials involving 5,117 patients 18 years and older with cancer and anemia. The effects of ESA on overall survival, progression-free survival, objective response rate, and incidence of venous thromboembolic events were evaluated.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> There was no statistically significant differences between patients from groups with ESA therapy and control groups (placebo, red blood cell transfusion, or no treatment) (<italic>n</italic> = 2,957 <italic>vs n</italic> = 2,145; hazard ratio (HR) 0.98; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.90–1.05), progression-free survival (<italic>n</italic> = 2713 <italic>vs n</italic> = 1937; HR 1.00; 95 % CI 0.91–1.11), objective response rate (<italic>n </italic>= 1,440 <italic>vs n</italic> = 1,428; HR 1.12; 95 % CI 0.18–7.12) and incidence of venous thromboembolic events (<italic>n</italic> = 2,915 <italic>vs n</italic> = 2,071; HR 1.67; 95 % CI 0.81–3.45).</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> In the analyzed population of patients with malignancies and anemia, ESA therapy does not worsen overall survival, progression-free survival, objective response rate, and does not increase the risk of venous thromboembolic events.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Эритропоэзстимулирующие препараты (Эсп) занимают ключевое место в лечении анемии у пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями. Их клиническая эффективность подтверждена результатами многочисленных исследований, включая метаанализы. Вместе с тем влияние Эсп на общую выживаемость и выживаемость без прогрессирования остается предметом дискуссий, что обусловлено разнородностью результатов и различиями в дизайне клинических исследований. Мы провели метаанализ рандомизированных контролируемых исследований с целью оценки эффективности и безопасности применения Эсп у онкологических пациентов с анемией.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– оценить влияние Эсп на общую выживаемость, выживаемость без прогрессирования, частоту объективного ответа и частоту развития венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений у пациентов с анемией, получающих противоопухолевую терапию по поводу метастатического злокачественного новообразования. <bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Выполнены систематический обзор и метаанализ результатов контролируемых рандомизированных клинических исследований за 2012–2025 гг., в которых оценивалось влияние Эпс на выживаемость пациентов с метастатическим злокачественным новообразованием и анемией. В 6 базах данных найдены 529 публикаций по этой теме. В анализ включены 4 рандомизированных клинических исследования, в которых приняли участие 5117 пациентов в возрасте 18 лет и старше с онкологическими заболеваниями и анемией. Оценивали влияние Эсп на общую выживаемость, выживаемость без прогрессирования, частоту объективного ответа и частоту развития веноз ных тромбоэмболических осложнений.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> статистически значимых различий в общей выживаемости пациентов групп терапии Эсп и контроля (плацебо, трансфузия эритроцитарной массы или отсутствие лечения) (<italic>n</italic> = 2957 против <italic>n</italic> = 2145; отношение рисков (ОР) 0,98; 95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,90–1,05), выживаемости без прогрессирования (<italic>n</italic> = 2713 против <italic>n</italic> = 1937; ОР 1,00; 95 % ДИ 0,91–1,11), частоте объективного ответа (<italic>n</italic> = 1440 против <italic>n</italic> = 1428; ОР 1,12; 95 % ДИ 0,18–7,12) и частоте развития венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений (<italic>n</italic> = 2915 против <italic>n</italic> = 2071; ОР 1,67; 95 % ДИ 0,81–3,45) не обнаружено.</p><p><bold>Заключение. </bold>В проанализированной популяции пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями и анемией терапия Эсп не ухудшает показатели общей выживаемости, выживаемости без прогрессирования, частоту объективного ответа и не увеличивает риск развития венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anemia</kwd><kwd>erythropoietin</kwd><kwd>epoetin</kwd><kwd>darbepoetin</kwd><kwd>cancer patient</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>сhemotherapy</kwd><kwd>radiation therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анемия</kwd><kwd>эритропоэтин</kwd><kwd>эпоэтин</kwd><kwd>дарбэпоэтин</kwd><kwd>онкологический больной</kwd><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>лучевая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical guidelines. Anemia in malignant neoplasms. Russian National Union “Russian Oncology Association”, 2024. (In Russ.). Available at: https://oncology-association.ru/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2153-anemiya-pri-zno_final.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анемия при злокачественных новообразованиях. Клинические рекомендации. Общероссийский национальный союз «Ассоциация онкологов России», 2024. Доступно по: https://oncology-association.ru/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2153anemiya-pri-zno_final.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abuidris O.D., Abdelbagi O., Altayeb R. et al. The prevalence of anemia in patients with malignant tumors: a hospital based cross sectional study. Ital J Med 2023;17(1). DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2023.1571</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abuidris O.D., Abdelbagi O., Altayeb R. et al. The prevalence of anemia in patients with malignant tumors: a hospital based cross sectional study. Ital J Med 2023;17(1). DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2023.1571</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harrison L.B., Daniel S., Homel P. et al. Prevalence of anemia in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: prognostic significance and treatment. Oncology 2002;63(Suppl. 2):11–8. DOI: 10.1159/000067147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrison L.B., Daniel S., Homel P. et al. Prevalence of anemia in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: prognostic significance and treatment. Oncology 2002;63(Suppl. 2):11–8. DOI: 10.1159/000067147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao F., Cheng Ke., Zhao F. et al. Prevalence and characteristics of anemia in patients with solid cancers at diagnosis in southwest China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12(11):2825–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao F., Cheng Ke., Zhao F. et al. Prevalence and characteristics of anemia in patients with solid cancers at diagnosis in southwest China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011;12(11):2825–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wondm S.A., Dagnew S.B., Gubae K. et al. Determinants of anemia among patients receiving cancer chemotherapy in Northwest Ethiopia. Front Med 2024;11:1415877. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1415877</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wondm S.A., Dagnew S.B., Gubae K. et al. Determinants of anemia among patients receiving cancer chemotherapy in Northwest Ethiopia. Front Med 2024;11:1415877. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1415877</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiss G., Ganz T., Goodnough L.T. Anemia of inflammation. Blood 2019;133(1):40–50. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-06-856500</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiss G., Ganz T., Goodnough L.T. Anemia of inflammation. Blood 2019;133(1):40–50. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-06-856500</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdel-Razeq H., Hashem H. Recent update in the pathogenesis and treatment of chemotherapy and cancer induced anemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020;145:102837. DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102837</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdel-Razeq H., Hashem H. Recent update in the pathogenesis and treatment of chemotherapy and cancer induced anemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020;145:102837. DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102837</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Busti F., Marchi G., Ugolini S. et al. Anemia and iron deficiency in cancer patients: role of iron replacement therapy. Pharm (Basel) 2018;11(4):94. DOI: 10.3390/ph11040094</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Busti F., Marchi G., Ugolini S. et al. Anemia and iron deficiency in cancer patients: role of iron replacement therapy. Pharm (Basel) 2018;11(4):94. DOI: 10.3390/ph11040094</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Camaschella C., Girelli D. The changing landscape of iron deficiency. Mol Aspects Med 2020;75:100861. DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100861</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Camaschella C., Girelli D. The changing landscape of iron deficiency. Mol Aspects Med 2020;75:100861. DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100861</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ludwig H., Van Belle S., Barrett-Lee P. et al. The European Cancer Anaemia Survey (ECAS): a large, multinational, prospective survey defining the prevalence, incidence, and treatment of anaemia in cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2004;40(15):2293–306. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.06.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ludwig H., Van Belle S., Barrett-Lee P. et al. The European Cancer Anaemia Survey (ECAS): a large, multinational, prospective survey defining the prevalence, incidence, and treatment of anaemia in cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2004;40(15):2293–306. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.06.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Birgegård G., Henry D., Glaspy J. et al. A randomized noninferiority trial of intravenous iron isomaltoside versus oral iron sulfate in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies and anemia receiving chemotherapy: the PROFOUND trial. Pharmacotherapy 2016;36(4):402–14. DOI: 10.1002/phar.1729</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Caro J.J., Salas M., Ward A., Goss G. Anemia as an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with cancer: a systemic, quantitative review. Cancer 2001;91(12):2214–21.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Lind M., Vernon C., Cruickshank D. et al. The level of haemoglobin in anaemic cancer patients correlates positively with quality of life. Br J Cancer 2002;86(8):1243–9. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600247</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Candelaria M., Cetina L., Dueñas-González A. Anemia in cervical cancer patients: implications for iron supplementation therapy. Med Oncol 2005;22(2):161–8. DOI: 10.1385/MO:22:2:161</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Holzner B., Kemmler G., Greil R. et al. The impact of hemoglobin levels on fatigue and quality of life in cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2002;13(6):965–73. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdf122</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Shasha D., Harrison L.B. Anemia treatment and the radiation oncologist: optimizing patient outcomes. Oncology (Williston Park) 2001;15(11):1486–91; discussion 1494–6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Nielson C.M., Bylsma L.C., Fryzek J.P. et al. Relative dose intensity of chemotherapy and survival in patients with advanced stage solid tumor cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncologist 2021;26(9):e1609–18. DOI: 10.1002/onco.13822</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waters J.S., O’Brien M.E., Ashley S. Management of anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(2):601–3. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.2.601</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waters J.S., O’Brien M.E., Ashley S. Management of anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2002;20(2):601–3. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.2.601</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sushinskaya T.V., Li E.S., Stuklov N.I. Anemia in oncology. Onkologiya. Zhurnal im. P.A. Gertsena = Oncology P.A. Hertsen Journal 2021;10(1):64–72. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/onkolog20211001164</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сушинская Т.В., Ли Е.С., Стуклов Н.И. Анемия в онкологии. Онкология. Журнал им. П.А. Герцена 2021;10(1):64–72. DOI: 10.17116/onkolog20211001164</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bozzini C., Busti F., Marchi G. et al. Anemia in patients receiving anticancer treatments: focus on novel therapeutic approaches. Front Oncol 2024;14:1380358. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1380358</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bozzini C., Busti F., Marchi G. et al. Anemia in patients receiving anticancer treatments: focus on novel therapeutic approaches. Front Oncol 2024;14:1380358. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1380358</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Littlewood T.J., Bajetta E., Nortier J.W. et al. Effects of epoetin alfa on hematologic parameters and quality of life in cancer patients receiving nonplatinum chemotherapy: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2001;19(11):2865–74. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.11.2865</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Littlewood T.J., Bajetta E., Nortier J.W. et al. Effects of epoetin alfa on hematologic parameters and quality of life in cancer patients receiving nonplatinum chemotherapy: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2001;19(11):2865–74. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.11.2865</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vansteenkiste J., Pirker R., Massuti B. et al. Doubleblind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trial of darbepoetin alfa in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94(16):1211–20. DOI: 10.1093/ jnci/94.16.1211</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vansteenkiste J., Pirker R., Massuti B. et al. Doubleblind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trial of darbepoetin alfa in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94(16):1211–20. DOI: 10.1093/ jnci/94.16.1211</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Tonia T., Mettler A., Robert N. et al. Erythropoietin or darbepoetin for patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;12(12):CD003407. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003407.pub5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hedenus M., Adriansson M., Miguel J.S. et al. Efficacy and safety of darbepoetin alfa in anaemic patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Haematol 2003;122(3):394–403. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04448.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hedenus M., Adriansson M., Miguel J.S. et al. Efficacy and safety of darbepoetin alfa in anaemic patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Haematol 2003;122(3):394–403. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04448.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leyland-Jones B., Semiglazov W., Pawlicki M. et al. Maintaining normal hemoglobin levels with epoetin alfa in mainly nonanemic patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy: a survival study. JCO 2005;23(25):5960–72. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2005.06.150</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leyland-Jones B., Semiglazov W., Pawlicki M. et al. Maintaining normal hemoglobin levels with epoetin alfa in mainly nonanemic patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy: a survival study. JCO 2005;23(25):5960–72. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2005.06.150</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Henke M., Laszig R., Rübe C. et al. Erythropoietin to treat head and neck cancer patients with anaemia undergoing radiotherapy: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003;362(9392):1255–60. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14567-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Bennett C.L. Venous thromboembolism and mortality associated with recombinant erythropoietin and darbepoetin administration for the treatment of cancer-associated anemia. JAMA 2008;299(8):914. DOI: 10.1001/jama.299.8.914</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bohlius J., Tonia T., Nüesch E. et al. Effects of erythropoiesisstimulating agents on fatigue- and anaemia-related symptoms in cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analyses of published and unpublished data. Br J Cancer 2014;111(1):33–45. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.210</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bohlius J., Tonia T., Nüesch E. et al. Effects of erythropoiesisstimulating agents on fatigue- and anaemia-related symptoms in cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analyses of published and unpublished data. Br J Cancer 2014;111(1):33–45. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.210</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glaser C.M., Millesi W., Kornek G.V. et al. Impact of hemoglobin level and use of recombinant erythropoietin on efficacy of preoperative chemoradiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;50(3):705–15. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01488-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glaser C.M., Millesi W., Kornek G.V. et al. Impact of hemoglobin level and use of recombinant erythropoietin on efficacy of preoperative chemoradiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;50(3):705–15. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01488-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Methley A.M., Campbell S., Chew-Graham C. et al. PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: a comparison study of specificity and sensitivity in three search tools for qualitative systematic reviews. BMC Health Serv Res 2014;14(1):579. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-014-0579-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liberati A., Altman D.G., Tetzlaff J. et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 2009;6(7):e1000100. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liberati A., Altman D.G., Tetzlaff J. et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med 2009;6(7):e1000100. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gascón P., Nagarkar R., Šmakal M. et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III noninferiority study of the long-term safety and efficacy of darbepoetin alfa for chemotherapy-induced anemia in patients with advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2020;15(2):190–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.10.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gascón P., Nagarkar R., Šmakal M. et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III noninferiority study of the long-term safety and efficacy of darbepoetin alfa for chemotherapy-induced anemia in patients with advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2020;15(2):190–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.10.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debus J., Drings P., Baurecht W. et al. Prospective, randomized, controlled, and open study in primarily inoperable, stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients given sequential radiochemotherapy with or without epoetin alfa. Radiother Oncol 2014;112(1):23–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.06.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Debus J., Drings P., Baurecht W. et al. Prospective, randomized, controlled, and open study in primarily inoperable, stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients given sequential radiochemotherapy with or without epoetin alfa. Radiother Oncol 2014;112(1):23–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.06.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Thomaidis T., Weinmann A., Sprinzl M. et al. Erythropoietin treatment in chemotherapy-induced anemia in previously untreated advanced esophagogastric cancer patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2014;19(2):288–96. DOI: 10.1007/s10147-013-0544-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leyland-Jones B., Bondarenko I., Nemsadze G. et al. A randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase III study of epoetin alfa versus best standard of care in anemic patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving standard chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2016;34(11):1197–207. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2015.63.5649</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leyland-Jones B., Bondarenko I., Nemsadze G. et al. A randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase III study of epoetin alfa versus best standard of care in anemic patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving standard chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2016;34(11):1197–207. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2015.63.5649</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Vansteenkiste J., Glaspy, Henry D. et al. Benefits and risks of using erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in lung cancer patients: Study-level and patient-level meta-analyses. Lung Cancer 2012;76(3):478–85. DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.12.015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Ohashi Y., Uemura Y., Fujisaka Y. et al. Meta-analysis of epoetin beta and darbepoetin alfa treatment for chemotherapy-induced anemia and mortality: Individual patient data from Japanese randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Cancer Science 2013;104(4):481–5. DOI: 10.1111/cas.12105</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bryer E.J., Kallan M.J., Chiu T.S. et al. A retrospective analysis of venous thromboembolism trends in chemotherapy-induced anemia: red blood cell transfusion versus erythrocyte stimulating agent administration. EJHaem 2020;1(1):35–43. DOI: 10.1002/jha2.18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bryer E.J., Kallan M.J., Chiu T.S. et al. A retrospective analysis of venous thromboembolism trends in chemotherapy-induced anemia: red blood cell transfusion versus erythrocyte stimulating agent administration. EJHaem 2020;1(1):35–43. DOI: 10.1002/jha2.18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
