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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1170</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2026-16-2-40-49</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEAD AND NECK TUMORS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ГОЛОВЫ И ШЕИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The efficacy of selperkatinib in the first and subsequent lines of targeted therapy in unresectable progressive medullary thyroid cancer with a mutation in the gene <italic>RET</italic></article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность селперкатиниба в 1-й и последующих линиях таргетной терапии при нерезектабельном прогрессирующем медуллярном раке щитовидной железы с мутацией в гене <italic>RET</italic></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0857-321X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polkin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полькин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба </p></bio><email>isaev@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4537-0534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panaseykin</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панасейкин</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба </p></bio><email>isaev@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-8459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Severskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Северская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба </p></bio><email>isaev@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-4814</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaev</surname><given-names>Pavel A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаев</surname><given-names>Павел Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба </p></bio><email>isaev@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4529-4490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Urezko</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Урезко</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба </p></bio><email>isaev@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-633X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба </p></bio><email>isaev@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-3416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kropotov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кропотов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба </p></bio><email>isaev@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-6032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба </p></bio><email>isaev@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaprin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каприн</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>isaev@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-14"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, ABV-Press</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, АБВ-пресс</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ABV-Press</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">АБВ-пресс</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1170">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/1170</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> <italic>RET</italic> gene mutations are frequently detected in patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). In unresectable and metastatic disease, multikinase inhibitors are used, however, their efficacy is limited, and toxicity may require therapy adjustment. Selpercatinib is a selective RET inhibitor that has demonstrated high efficacy in <italic>RET</italic>-positive MTC.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To compare the efficacy and safety of selpercatinib when used in the first versus subsequent lines of targeted therapy in patients with progressive unresectable and / or metastatic <italic>RET</italic>-mutated MTC.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> The study included 20 patients with MTC divided into two groups. In Group А (<italic>n</italic> = 10), selpercatinib was used as first-line therapy, in Group Б – in the second or third line after vandetanib and / or cabozantinib. The median follow-up was 43.5 and 9.25 months, respectively. Efficacy was evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours 1.1 and by analyzing serum calcitonin dynamics. Adverse events were also analyzed.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> In Group А, the mean duration of therapy was 42.9 months. Complete response was achieved in 4 (40 %) patients, stable disease⁠ – in 5 (50 %), and partial response – in 1 (10 %). Disease progression at 22 months from treatment initiation was noted in 1 case. All patients are alive and continue therapy. In 4 (40 %) patients, calcitonin levels decreased to reference values. In Group Б, the mean duration of therapy was 11.8 months. Partial response was registered in 4 (40 %) patients and stable disease in 6 (60 %); no complete responses were observed. One patient died due to disease progression. A decrease in calcitonin levels was observed, but normalization was not achieved. Arterial hypertension was the most common adverse event. Treatment was not discontinued in any patient due to toxicity.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Selpercatinib has demonstrated high efficacy and acceptable safety in <italic>RET</italic>-positive MTC. Its use in the first line was characterized by a higher complete response rate and a more pronounced decrease in calcitonin levels compared with subsequent lines. However, administration of the drug following progression on vandetanib and / or cabozantinib also allowed for disease control and represented a reasonable treatment option.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Мутации в гене <italic>RET</italic> нередко выявляют у некоторых пациентов с медуллярным раком щитовидной железы (МРЩЖ). При нерезектабельном и метастатическом процессе применяют мультикиназные ингибиторы, однако их эффективность ограничена, а токсичность может потребовать коррекции терапии. Селперкатиниб – селективный ингибитор RET, продемонстрировавший высокую эффективность при <italic>RET</italic>-положительном МРЩЖ.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – сравнение эффективности и безопасности селперкатиниба при применении в 1-й и последующих линиях таргетной терапии у пациентов с прогрессирующим нерезектабельным и / или метастатическим МРЩЖ с мутацией в гене <italic>RET</italic><italic>.</italic></p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование включены 20 пациентов с МРЩЖ. Больные разделены на 2 группы. В группе А (<italic>n</italic> = 10) селперкатиниб применяли в 1-й линии, в группе Б – во 2-й или 3-й линии после вандетаниба и / или кабозантиниба. Медиана наблюдения составила 43,5 и 9,25 мес соответственно. Эффективность оценивалась по критериям ответа солидных опухолей (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours 1.1), а также по динамике уровня кальцитонина. Также анализировались нежелательные явления.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В группе А средняя продолжительность терапии составила 42,9 мес. Полный ответ достигнут у 4 (40 %) пациентов, стабилизация заболевания – у 5 (50 %), частичный ответ – у 1 (10 %). Прогрессирование через 22 мес от начала лечения отмечено в 1 случае. Все пациенты живы и продолжают терапию. У 4 (40 %) больных уровень кальцитонина снизился до референсных значений. В группе Б средняя продолжительность терапии составила 11,8 мес. Частичный ответ зарегистрирован у 4 (40 %) пациентов, стабилизация – у 6 (60 %), полных ответов не отмечено. Один пациент умер вследствие прогрессирования заболевания. Снижение уровня кальцитонина наблюдалось, однако его нормализации достигнуто не было. Наиболее частым нежелательным явлением оказалась артериальная гипертензия. Ни у одного пациента лечение не было прекращено вследствие токсичности.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Селперкатиниб продемонстрировал высокую эффективность и приемлемую безопасность при <italic>RET</italic>-положительном МРЩЖ. Его применение в 1-й линии характеризовалось более высокой частотой полного ответа и более выраженным снижением уровня кальцитонина по сравнению с последующими линиями. При этом назначение препарата после прогрессирования на фоне вандетаниба и / или кабозантиниба также позволило контролировать заболевание и было обоснованным вариантом терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medullary thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>gene RET</kwd><kwd>selpercatinib</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd><kwd>vandetanib</kwd><kwd>cabozantinib</kwd><kwd>calcitonin</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медуллярный рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>ген RET</kwd><kwd>селперкатиниб</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>вандетаниб</kwd><kwd>кабозантиниб</kwd><kwd>кальцитонин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Saad M.F., Ordonez N.G., Rashid R.K. et al. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. A study of the clinical features and prognostic factors in 161 patients. 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