<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">291</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2017-7-3-66-73</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">TREATMENT OF HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA ACCORDING ON THE SPECIFIC MOLECULAR FEATURES OF THE TUMOR (A LITERATURE REVIEW)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ТЕРАПИИ ПЛОСКОКЛЕТОЧНОГО РАКА ГОЛОВЫ И ШЕИ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ОПУХОЛИ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stukan</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стукань</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>140 Rossiyskaya St., Krasnodar, 350029.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Анастасия Игоревна Стукань. </p><p>350029 Краснодар, ул. Российская, 140.</p></bio><email>jolie86@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murashko</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурашко</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar, 350040.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350040 Краснодар, ул. Димитрова, 146.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bodnya</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бодня</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>140 Rossiyskaya St., Krasnodar, 350029.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350029 Краснодар, ул. Российская, 140.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chukhray</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чухрай</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar, 350040.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>350040 Краснодар, ул. Димитрова, 146.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dulina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дулина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>146 Dimitrova St., Krasnodar, 350040.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ГБУЗ «Клинический онкологический диспансер № 1» Минздрава Краснодарского края.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Oncology with a course of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Kuban State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кафедра онкологии с курсом торакальной хирургии факультета повышения квалификации и профессиональной  переподготовки специалистов ГБОУ ВПО «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России.</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary No. 1, Ministry of Health of Krasnodar Region.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Клинический онкологический диспансер № 1» Минздрава Краснодарского края.</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-11-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-11-08"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-11-08"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Stukan A.I., Murashko R.A., Bodnya V.N., Chukhray O.Y., Dulina E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Стукань А.И., Мурашко Р.А., Бодня В.Н., Чухрай О.Ю., Дулина Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stukan A.I., Murashko R.A., Bodnya V.N., Chukhray O.Y., Dulina E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стукань А.И., Мурашко Р.А., Бодня В.Н., Чухрай О.Ю., Дулина Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/291">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/291</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the achieved progress in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still remains the sixth most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. The division of HNSCC into 2 large groups with different survival rates is a significant achievement made during the last decades in cancer research and treatment of head and neck cancer. In 45 % – 90 % of cases, oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is presumably associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). A recent whole-exome sequencing study on HNSCC helped to develop new principles of treatment that will allow to increase the effectiveness of conventional therapy. The study demonstrated that inactivating mutations in the p53 gene trigger carcinogenesis. The majority of tumors have such mutations that inactivate the p53 tumor suppressor gene. According to the results of sequencing, HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors have completely different mutation profiles. Intratumoral heterogeneity should be taken into account when implementing new treatment approaches. We present an overview of studies published between 1989 and 2014. Current review briefly describes molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in HNSCC in the light of genetic and biochemical features of the tumor, paying particular attention to the most significant scientific achievements in this field. Moreover, we outline the advancements of wholeexome sequencing in HNSCC and give an overview of recent studies devoted to new therapeutic approaches. The process of carcinogenesis in HNSCC is often initiated by tumor suppressors. In this case, the development of target-based drugs is problematic. Target therapy focused on the ways of tumor growth suppression is a much more serious challenge than inhibition of oncogenic signals, because it requires reactivation of tumor suppressors and restoration of their functions, which is more difficult than conventional chemical and biological blockage. Poor survival of patients with HNSCC, which is usually associated with a small size of recurrent tumors, their latent growth, and localization in various anatomical areas, shows that there is an urgent need for developing new therapeutic approaches for the disease. </p><p><bold>The study was aimed</bold> to analyze specific molecular features of head and neck tumors and to explore the opportunities of providing personalized care for these patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Плоскоклеточный рак головы и шеи (ПРГШ) неизменно занимает 6-е место в мире в структуре смертности от злокачественных заболеваний, несмотря на достигнутый прогресс в химио- и лучевой терапии и хирургии. Разделение ПРГШ на 2 большие группы с различными показателями выживаемости – это значимое достижение последних десятилетий в исследовании канцерогенеза и лечении рака головы и шеи. Предположительно, в 45–90 % случаев орофарингеальная плоскоклеточная карцинома ассоциирована с вирусом папилломы человека (ВПЧ). Исходя из данных недавно проведенного полноэкзомного секвенирования образцов опухоли ПРГШ установлены новые принципы в лечении этого тяжелого заболевания, которые помогут расширить возможности и улучшить результаты традиционных методов терапии. В исследовании установлено, что инактивирующие мутации гена р53 являются триггерным генетическим дефектом, запускающим процесс канцерогенеза. Основная часть опухолей имеет мутации, ведущие к потере функции гена-супрессора р53. Данные секвенирования разграничивают ВПЧ-позитивные и ВПЧ-негативные группы опухолей с абсолютно различным профилем мутаций. При внедрении новых подходов к лечению необходимо учитывать наличие внутриопухолевой гетерогенности. В статье представлен обзор публикаций с 1989 по 2014 г. В обзоре кратко изложены молекулярные пути канцерогенеза при ПРГШ с учетом генетических и биохимических особенностей и акцентом на значимые научные разработки, а также указаны достижения полноэкзомного секвенирования при ПРГШ и недавние исследования в области новых терапевтических подходов. Процесс канцерогенеза при ПРГШ зачастую инициируется супрессорами опухолевого роста. При этом разработка таргетных препаратов весьма затруднительна. Таргетная терапия путей супрессии опухолевого роста – это значительно более сложная задача, нежели ингибирование онкогенных сигналов, поскольку требуется реактивация генов-супрессоров опухолевого роста или их функций в отличие от обычного химического и биологического блокирования. Плохие показатели выживаемости при ПРГШ ввиду небольшого размера рецидивной опухоли, скрытого роста и прогрессии, локализации в различных анатомических областях выявляют необходимость в разработке новых подходов к лечению этого грозного заболевания.</p><p><bold> Цель исследования</bold> – проанализировать молекулярные особенности опухолей головы и шеи и выявить возможности для персонализированного подхода к лечению данной категории пациентов. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>whole-exome sequencing</kwd><kwd>human papillomavirus type 16</kwd><kwd>mutations in tumor suppressors</kwd><kwd>target therapy</kwd><kwd>ways of HNSCC differentiation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак головы и шеи</kwd><kwd>полноэкзомное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>вирус папилломы человека 16-го типа</kwd><kwd>мутации супрессоров опухолевого роста</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd><kwd>пути дифференцировки ПРГШ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Globocan 2012. Estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. International Agency for Research on Cancer. World Health Organisation. Available at: http:// globocan.iarc.fr/pages/fact_sheets_cancer. aspx.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Globocan 2012. Estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. International Agency for Research on Cancer. World Health Organisation. Available at: http:// globocan.iarc.fr/pages/fact_sheets_cancer. aspx.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2. Rothenberg S.M., Ellisen L.W. The molecular pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Jnl of Clin Invest 2012;122(6):1951–7. DOI: 10.1172/ JCI59889. PMID: 22833868.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rothenberg S.M., Ellisen L.W. The molecular pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Jnl of Clin Invest 2012;122(6):1951–7. DOI: 10.1172/ JCI59889. PMID: 22833868.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">3. Machiels J.P., Lambrecht M., Hanin F.X. et al. Advances in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. F1000Prime Rep 2014;6:44. DOI: 10.12703/P6-44. PMID: 24991421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Machiels J.P., Lambrecht M., Hanin F.X. et al. Advances in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. F1000Prime Rep 2014;6:44. DOI: 10.12703/P6-44. PMID: 24991421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">4. National Cancer Institute Head and Neck Cancer, 2014. Available at: https://www. cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/ oropharyngeal-treatmentpdq#section/_48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Cancer Institute Head and Neck Cancer, 2014. Available at: https://www. cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/ oropharyngeal-treatmentpdq#section/_48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">5. Bonilla-Velez J., Mroz E.A., Hammon R.J. et al. Impact of human papillomavirus on oropharyngeal cancer biology and response to therapy: implications for treatment. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2013;46(4):521–43. DOI: 10.1016/j. otc.2013.04.009. PMID: 23910468.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonilla-Velez J., Mroz E.A., Hammon R.J. et al. Impact of human papillomavirus on oropharyngeal cancer biology and response to therapy: implications for treatment. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2013;46(4):521–43. DOI: 10.1016/j. otc.2013.04.009. PMID: 23910468.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">6. Joseph A.W., D'Souza G. Epidemiology of human papillomavirus-related head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2012;45(4):739–64. DOI: 10.1016/S14702045(10)70017-6. PMID: 20451455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joseph A.W., D'Souza G. Epidemiology of human papillomavirus-related head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2012;45(4):739–64. DOI: 10.1016/S14702045(10)70017-6. PMID: 20451455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">7. Marur S., D'Souza G., Westra W.H., Forastiere A.A. HPV-associated head and neck cancer: a virus-related cancer epidemic. Lancet Oncol 2010;11(8):781– 9. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70017-6. PMID: 20451455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marur S., D'Souza G., Westra W.H., Forastiere A.A. HPV-associated head and neck cancer: a virus-related cancer epidemic. Lancet Oncol 2010;11(8):781– 9. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70017-6. PMID: 20451455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">8. Nigro J.M., Baker S.J., Preisinger A.C. et al. Mutations in the p53 gene occur in diverse human tumour types. Nature 1989;342(6250):705–8. DOI: 10.1038/342705a0. PMID: 2531845.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nigro J.M., Baker S.J., Preisinger A.C. et al. Mutations in the p53 gene occur in diverse human tumour types. Nature 1989;342(6250):705–8. DOI: 10.1038/342705a0. PMID: 2531845.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">9. Gasco M., Crook T. The p53 network in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2003;39(3):222–31. PMID: 12618194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gasco M., Crook T. The p53 network in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2003;39(3):222–31. PMID: 12618194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">10. Somers K.D., Merrick M.A., Lopez M.E. et al. Frequent p53 mutations in head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 1992;52(21):5997–6000. Available at: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/ content/52/21/5997. PMID: 1394225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Somers K.D., Merrick M.A., Lopez M.E. et al. Frequent p53 mutations in head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 1992;52(21):5997–6000. Available at: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/ content/52/21/5997. PMID: 1394225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">11. Ohnishi K., Ota I., Takahashi A., Yane K. et al. Transfection of mutant p53 gene depresses X-ray-or CDDP-induced apoptosis in a human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Apoptosis 2002;7(4):367–72. PMID: 12101396.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohnishi K., Ota I., Takahashi A., Yane K. et al. Transfection of mutant p53 gene depresses X-ray-or CDDP-induced apoptosis in a human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Apoptosis 2002;7(4):367–72. PMID: 12101396.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">12. Stransky N., Egloff A.M., Tward A.D. et al. The mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Science 2011;333(6046):1157–60. PMID: 1394225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stransky N., Egloff A.M., Tward A.D. et al. The mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Science 2011;333(6046):1157–60. PMID: 1394225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">13. Cancer Genome Atlas. Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Nature 2015; 517(7536):576–82. DOI: 10.1038/ nature14129. PMID: 25631445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cancer Genome Atlas. Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Nature 2015; 517(7536):576–82. DOI: 10.1038/ nature14129. PMID: 25631445.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">14. Tassone P., Old M., Teknos T.N. et al. p53-based therapeutics for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2013;49(8):733–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.03.447. PMID: 23623836.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tassone P., Old M., Teknos T.N. et al. p53-based therapeutics for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2013;49(8):733–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.03.447. PMID: 23623836.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">15. Qiu W., Schonleben F., Li X. et al. Disruption of transforming growth factor beta-Smad signaling pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as evidenced by mutations of SMAD2 and SMAD4. Cancer Lett 2007;245(1– 2):163–70. DOI: 10.1016/j. canlet.2006.01.003. PMID: 16478646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qiu W., Schonleben F., Li X. et al. Disruption of transforming growth factor beta-Smad signaling pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as evidenced by mutations of SMAD2 and SMAD4. Cancer Lett 2007;245(1– 2):163–70. DOI: 10.1016/j. canlet.2006.01.003. PMID: 16478646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">16. Han G., Lu S.L., Li A.G. et al. Distinct mechanisms of TGF-beta1-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis during skin carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest 2005;115(7):1714–23. DOI: 10.1172/JCI24399. PMID: 15937546.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han G., Lu S.L., Li A.G. et al. Distinct mechanisms of TGF-beta1-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis during skin carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest 2005;115(7):1714–23. DOI: 10.1172/JCI24399. PMID: 15937546.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">17. Nagaraj N.S., Datta P.K.. Targeting the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway in human cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010;19(1):77–91. DOI: 10.1517/13543780903382609. PMID: 20001556.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagaraj N.S., Datta P.K.. Targeting the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway in human cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010;19(1):77–91. DOI: 10.1517/13543780903382609. PMID: 20001556.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">18. Doody R.S., Raman R., Farlow M. et al. A phase 3 trial of semagacestat for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2013;369(4):341–50. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1210951. PMID: 23883379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doody R.S., Raman R., Farlow M. et al. A phase 3 trial of semagacestat for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2013;369(4):341–50. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1210951. PMID: 23883379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">19. Morris L.G., Kaufman A.M., Gong Y. et al. Recurrent somatic mutation of FAT1 in multiple human cancers leads to aberrant Wnt activation. Nat Genet 2013;45(3):253–61. DOI: 10.1038/ ng.2538. PMID: 23354438.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morris L.G., Kaufman A.M., Gong Y. et al. Recurrent somatic mutation of FAT1 in multiple human cancers leads to aberrant Wnt activation. Nat Genet 2013;45(3):253–61. DOI: 10.1038/ ng.2538. PMID: 23354438.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">20. Nishikawa Y., Miyazaki T., Nakashiro K. et al. Human FAT1 cadherin controls cell migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma through the localization of β-catenin. Oncol Rep 2011;26(3):587– 92. DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1324. PMID: 21617878.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nishikawa Y., Miyazaki T., Nakashiro K. et al. Human FAT1 cadherin controls cell migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma through the localization of β-catenin. Oncol Rep 2011;26(3):587– 92. DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1324. PMID: 21617878.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">21. Jerby-Arnon L., Pfetzer N., Waldman Y.Y. et al. Predicting cancer-specific vulnerability via data-driven detection of synthetic lethality. Cell 2014;158(5):1199–209. DOI: 10.1016/j. cell.2014.07.027. PMID: 25171417.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jerby-Arnon L., Pfetzer N., Waldman Y.Y. et al. Predicting cancer-specific vulnerability via data-driven detection of synthetic lethality. Cell 2014;158(5):1199–209. DOI: 10.1016/j. cell.2014.07.027. PMID: 25171417.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">22. McLornan D.P., List A., Mufti G.J. Applying synthetic lethality for the selective targeting of cancer. N Engl J Med 2014;371(18):1725–35. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1407390. PMID: 25354106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLornan D.P., List A., Mufti G.J. Applying synthetic lethality for the selective targeting of cancer. N Engl J Med 2014;371(18):1725–35. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1407390. PMID: 25354106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">23. Martin S.A., McCabe N., Mullarkey M. et al. DNA polymerases as potential therapeutic targets for cancers deficient in the DNA mismatch repair proteins MSH or MLH1. Cancer Cell 2010;17:235–48. DOI: 10.1016/j. ccr.2009.12.046. PMID: 20227038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin S.A., McCabe N., Mullarkey M. et al. DNA polymerases as potential therapeutic targets for cancers deficient in the DNA mismatch repair proteins MSH or MLH1. Cancer Cell 2010;17:235–48. DOI: 10.1016/j. ccr.2009.12.046. PMID: 20227038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">24. Martin S.A., McCarthy A., Barber L.J. et al. Methotrexate induces oxidative DNA damage and is selectively lethal to tumour cells with defects in the DNA mismatch repair gene MSH2. EMBO Mol Med 2009;1:323–37. DOI: 10.1002/ emmm.200900040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin S.A., McCarthy A., Barber L.J. et al. Methotrexate induces oxidative DNA damage and is selectively lethal to tumour cells with defects in the DNA mismatch repair gene MSH2. EMBO Mol Med 2009;1:323–37. DOI: 10.1002/ emmm.200900040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">25. Puram S.V., Rocco J.W. Molecular Aspects of Head and Neck Cancer Therapy/ Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2015; 29(6): 971–92. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.hoc.2015.07.003. PMID: 20049736.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puram S.V., Rocco J.W. Molecular Aspects of Head and Neck Cancer Therapy/ Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2015; 29(6): 971–92. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.hoc.2015.07.003. PMID: 20049736.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">26. Wang X., Simon R. Identification of potential synthetic lethal genes to p53 using a computational biology approach. BMC Med Genomics 2013;6:30. DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X., Simon R. Identification of potential synthetic lethal genes to p53 using a computational biology approach. BMC Med Genomics 2013;6:30. DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">27. Kalyankrishna S., Grandis J.R. Epidermal growth factor biology in head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2666–72. DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-30. PMID: 24025726.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalyankrishna S., Grandis J.R. Epidermal growth factor biology in head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2666–72. DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-30. PMID: 24025726.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">28. Ang K.K., Zhang Q., Rosenthal D.I., Nguyen-Tan P.F. et al. Randomized phase III trial of concurrent accelerated radiation plus cisplatin with or without cetuximab for stage III to IV head and neck carcinoma: RTOG 0522. J Clin Oncol 2014;32(27):2940–50. DOI: 10.1200/ JCO.2013.53.5633. PMID: 25154822.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ang K.K., Zhang Q., Rosenthal D.I., Nguyen-Tan P.F. et al. Randomized phase III trial of concurrent accelerated radiation plus cisplatin with or without cetuximab for stage III to IV head and neck carcinoma: RTOG 0522. J Clin Oncol 2014;32(27):2940–50. DOI: 10.1200/ JCO.2013.53.5633. PMID: 25154822.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">29. Anderson J.A., Irish J.C., McLachlin C.M. et al. H-ras oncogene mutation and human papillomavirus infection in oral carcinomas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;120(7):755–60. PMID: 7912510.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anderson J.A., Irish J.C., McLachlin C.M. et al. H-ras oncogene mutation and human papillomavirus infection in oral carcinomas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;120(7):755–60. PMID: 7912510.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">30. Rocco J.W., Li D., Liggett W.H. et al. p16INK4A adenovirus-mediated gene therapy for human head and neck squamous cell cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 1998;4(7):1697–704. PMID: 9676844.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rocco J.W., Li D., Liggett W.H. et al. p16INK4A adenovirus-mediated gene therapy for human head and neck squamous cell cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 1998;4(7):1697–704. PMID: 9676844.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">31. Grønhøj Larsen C., Gyldenløve M., Jensen D.H. et al. Correlation between human papillomavirus and p16 overexpression in oropharyngeal tumours: a systematic review. Br J Cancer 2014;110(6):1587–94. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.42. PMID: 24518594.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grønhøj Larsen C., Gyldenløve M., Jensen D.H. et al. Correlation between human papillomavirus and p16 overexpression in oropharyngeal tumours: a systematic review. Br J Cancer 2014;110(6):1587–94. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.42. PMID: 24518594.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">32. Lewis J.S., Jr. p16 Immunohistochemistry as a standalone test for risk stratification in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2012;6(1):75–82. DOI: 10.1007/s12105012-0369-0. PMID: 22782226.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis J.S., Jr. p16 Immunohistochemistry as a standalone test for risk stratification in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2012;6(1):75–82. DOI: 10.1007/s12105012-0369-0. PMID: 22782226.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">33. Spanos W.C., Nowicki P., Lee D.W. et al. Immune response during therapy with cisplatin or radiation for human papillomavirus-related head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009;135(11):1137–46. DOI: 10.1001/ archoto.2009.159. PMID: 19917928.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spanos W.C., Nowicki P., Lee D.W. et al. Immune response during therapy with cisplatin or radiation for human papillomavirus-related head and neck cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009;135(11):1137–46. DOI: 10.1001/ archoto.2009.159. PMID: 19917928.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">34. el-Naggar A.K., Hurr K., Luna M.A. et al. Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity in primary head and neck squamous carcinoma using microsatellite markers. Diagn Mol Pathol. 1997;6(6):305–8. PMID: 9559289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">el-Naggar A.K., Hurr K., Luna M.A. et al. Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity in primary head and neck squamous carcinoma using microsatellite markers. Diagn Mol Pathol. 1997;6(6):305–8. PMID: 9559289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">35. Götte K., Schäfer C., Riedel F. et al. Intratumoral genomic heterogeneity in primary head and neck cancer and corresponding metastases detected by dual-FISH. Oncol Rep 2004;11(1): 17–23. PMID: 14654897.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Götte K., Schäfer C., Riedel F. et al. Intratumoral genomic heterogeneity in primary head and neck cancer and corresponding metastases detected by dual-FISH. Oncol Rep 2004;11(1): 17–23. PMID: 14654897.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">36. Mroz E.A., Tward A.D., Pickering C.R. et al. High intratumor genetic heterogeneity is related to worse outcome in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2013;119(16):3034–42. DOI: 10.1002/ cncr.28150. PMID: 23696076.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mroz E.A., Tward A.D., Pickering C.R. et al. High intratumor genetic heterogeneity is related to worse outcome in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2013;119(16):3034–42. DOI: 10.1002/ cncr.28150. PMID: 23696076.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">37. Sethi N., Wright A., Wood H. et al. MicroRNAs and head and neck cancer: reviewing the first decade of research. Eur J Cancer 2014;50(15):2619–35. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.012. PMID: 25103455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sethi N., Wright A., Wood H. et al. MicroRNAs and head and neck cancer: reviewing the first decade of research. Eur J Cancer 2014;50(15):2619–35. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.07.012. PMID: 25103455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">38. Cao P., Zhou L., Zhang J. et al. Comprehensive expression profiling of microRNAs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2013;35:720–8. DOI: 10.1002/hed.23011. PMID: 22605671.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao P., Zhou L., Zhang J. et al. Comprehensive expression profiling of microRNAs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2013;35:720–8. DOI: 10.1002/hed.23011. PMID: 22605671.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">39. Avissar M., Christensen B.C., Kelsey K.T. et al. MicroRNA expression ratio is predictive of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:2850–5. DOI: 10.1158/10780432.CCR-08-3131. PMID: 19351747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avissar M., Christensen B.C., Kelsey K.T. et al. MicroRNA expression ratio is predictive of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:2850–5. DOI: 10.1158/10780432.CCR-08-3131. PMID: 19351747.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">40. Yan B., Fu Q., Lai L. et al. Downregulation of microRNA 99a in oral squamous cell carcinomas contributes to the growth and survival of oral cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2012;6:675–81. DOI: 10.3892/ mmr.2012.971. PMID: 22751686.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan B., Fu Q., Lai L. et al. Downregulation of microRNA 99a in oral squamous cell carcinomas contributes to the growth and survival of oral cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2012;6:675–81. DOI: 10.3892/ mmr.2012.971. PMID: 22751686.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">41. Le J.M., Squarize C.H., Castilho R.M. Histone modifications: Targeting head and neck cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2014;6(5):511–25. DOI: 10.4252/wjsc. v6.i5.511. PMID: 25426249.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le J.M., Squarize C.H., Castilho R.M. Histone modifications: Targeting head and neck cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2014;6(5):511–25. DOI: 10.4252/wjsc. v6.i5.511. PMID: 25426249.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">42. Almeida L.O., Abrahao A.C., RosselliMurai L.K. et al. NFκB mediates cisplatin resistance through histone modifications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). FEBS Open Bio 2014;4:96– 104. DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.12.003. PMID: 24490130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almeida L.O., Abrahao A.C., RosselliMurai L.K. et al. NFκB mediates cisplatin resistance through histone modifications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). FEBS Open Bio 2014;4:96– 104. DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.12.003. PMID: 24490130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">43. Giudice F.S., Pinto D.S., Jr., Nör J.E. et al. Inhibition of histone deacetylase impacts cancer stem cells and induces epithelial-mesenchyme transition of head and neck cancer. PLoS One 2013;8(3). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058672. PMID: 23527004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giudice F.S., Pinto D.S., Jr., Nör J.E. et al. Inhibition of histone deacetylase impacts cancer stem cells and induces epithelial-mesenchyme transition of head and neck cancer. PLoS One 2013;8(3). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058672. PMID: 23527004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">44. Haigentz M., Kim M., Sarta C. et al. Phase II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin in patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2012;48(12):1281–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.05.024. PMID: 22748449.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haigentz M., Kim M., Sarta C. et al. Phase II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin in patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2012;48(12):1281–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.05.024. PMID: 22748449.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
