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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">292</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2017-7-3-74-86</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">NIVOLUMAB IN THE TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY RECURRENT AND METАSTATIC HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. THE RESULTS OF A PHASE III CLINICAL TRIAL (CHECKMATE 141)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>НИВОЛУМАБ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ РЕФРАКТЕРНОГО РЕЦИДИВНОГО И МЕТАСТАТИЧЕСКОГО ПЛОСКОКЛЕТОЧНОГО РАКА ОРГАНОВ ГОЛОВЫ И ШЕИ. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ КЛИНИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ III ФАЗЫ CHECKMATE 141</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mudunov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мудунов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Али Мурадович Мудунов.</p><p> 115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23.</p></bio><email>mudunov@hnonco.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin  National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России.</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-11-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-11-08"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2017-11-08"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Mudunov A.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Мудунов А.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mudunov A.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мудунов А.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/292">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/292</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death. More than 50% of patients with locally advanced tumors relapse. Median survival of patients with recurrent HNSCC developed within 6 month after treatment completion does not exceed 6 months. One of the most important biological processes involved in the disease progression is tumor escape from immune response associated with the expression of programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), which inhibits the anti-tumor immune response. The emergence of cancer immunotherapy made revolutionary changes in cancer treatment. The article presents the results of a randomized clinical trial of nivolumab for the treatment of recurrent and metastatic HNSCC (CheckMate) 141. Nivolumab improved overall survival of patients with progressive HNSCC refractory to standard therapy. It increased the frequency and median duration of objective anti-tumor responses as well as median overall survival regardless of the PD-L1 expression levels and association of cancer with human papillomavirus. Moreover, the majority of patients receiving nivolumab reported no reduction in their quality of life, which enables long-term therapy in such patients.  The results of the CheckMate-141 study appear very promising and require further investigation of nivolumab in patients with primary HNSCC, especially in combination with standard treatment methods (first-line chemotherapy, radiotherapy) or other immunotherapeutic agents.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Плоскоклеточный рак органов головы и шеи (ПРГШ) является одной из самых распространенных причин смертности среди онкологических заболеваний. Более чем в 50 % случаев у больных с местнораспространенным опухолевым процессом развиваются рецидивы. Медиана выживаемости больных с рецидивами ПРГШ, которые возникли в течение полугода после окончания лечения, не превышает 6 мес. Одним из наиболее важных биологических процессов, способствующих прогрессированию заболевания у таких больных, является феномен ускользания опухоли от иммунного ответа, связанного с экспрессией рецепторов программируемой смерти 1 (PD-1), ингибирующих противоопухолевый ответ организма. Появление в последние годы противоопухолевой терапии регуляторами иммунного ответа внесло революционные изменения в лечение рака. В статье представлены результаты рандомизированного исследования по изучению эффективности одного из регуляторов иммунного ответа (препарата ниволумаб) в лечении рецидивного и метастатического ПРГШ (CheckMate 141). Ниволумаб показал значительное улучшение выживаемости больных прогрессирующим ПРГШ, рефрактерным к стандартной терапии, за счет увеличения частоты и медианы продолжительности объективных противоопухолевых ответов, увеличения медианы общей выживаемости вне зависимости от уровня экспрессии лигандов к рецептору PD-1 и наличия ассоциации рака с вирусом папилломы человека. Кроме этого, в группе пациентов, получавших ниволумаб, в большинстве случаев не было отмечено ухудшения качества жизни, что значительно упрощает проведение длительной терапии у таких больных. Исследование CheckMate 141 продемонстрировало перспективность дальнейшего изучения эффективности препарата ниволумаб у пациентов с первичным ПРГШ, особенно в комбинации со стандартными методами лечения (химиотерапия 1-й линии, лучевая терапия) и другими регуляторами иммунного ответа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>head and neck tumors</kwd><kwd>squamous cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>programmed death receptor-1</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>targeted drug</kwd><kwd>nivolumab</kwd><kwd>cetuximab</kwd><kwd>CheckMate 141</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>опухоли головы и шеи</kwd><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак</kwd><kwd>рецепторы программируемой смерти 1</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>таргетный препарат</kwd><kwd>ниволумаб</kwd><kwd>цетуксимаб</kwd><kwd>CheckMate 141</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. 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