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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">322</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2018-8-1-38-47</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Metastases of squamous cell carcinoma in the lymph nodes of the neck without the revealed primary focus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Метастазы плоскоклеточного рака в лимфатических узлах шеи без выявленного первичного очага</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3495-5521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarov</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комаров</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9877-1078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karseladze</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карселадзе</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23.</p></bio><email>dima_karseladze@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2213-5785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Senderovich</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сендерович</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0524-6918</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karseladze</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карселадзе</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0868-3948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Кrylovetskaya</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крыловецкая</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России.</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-04-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-04-12"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-04-12"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Komarov I.G., Karseladze D.A., Senderovich A.I., Karseladze A.I., Smirnova K.V., Кrylovetskaya M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Комаров И.Г., Карселадзе Д.А., Сендерович А.И., Карселадзе А.И., Смирнова К.В., Крыловецкая М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarov I.G., Karseladze D.A., Senderovich A.I., Karseladze A.I., Smirnova K.V., Кrylovetskaya M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комаров И.Г., Карселадзе Д.А., Сендерович А.И., Карселадзе А.И., Смирнова К.В., Крыловецкая М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/322">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/322</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Objective</bold> is to identify regularity of metastases distribution of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the lymph nodes of the neck without revealed primary focus, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of various methods of treatment.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Performed the retrospective 45 patients data analysis with metastases of SCC in cervical lymph nodes without  the revealed primary focus treated in different departments of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology from 2005  to 2012. The source of information were outpatient studies and medical histories, histological preparations and paraffin blocks.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> Metastases of SCC without revealed primary focus are most typical for nodes of a neck and upper part of the body, there are among the patients mostly males aged 50–59 years. To establish the localization of the primary focus, traditional diagnostic procedures are not always effective: in morphological analysis, the primary focus can be hidden behind inflammatory changes, in addition, the tumor lesion can be of a primary focus. Tumors, similar to lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, could also simulate metastasis in the lymph node. Tonsil cancer is very often not detected even with repeated biopsies, therefore diagnostic tonsillectomy is justified. Survival depends slightly  on the identification of the source of metastasis. The range of treatment methods for SCC is limited, combined and complex methods demonstrate greater efficiency, chemotherapy is less reasonable. The leading prognostic factor is the degree of distribution of metastatic lesion. Virologic analysis allows only to assume localization of the tumor process in the nasopharynx in patients with human papillomavirus and predict their greater survival, and the number of patients with Epstein–Barr virus is too small for reasonable hypotheses.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. With metastases of SCC in the lymph nodes of the neck without the revealed primary focus, the hidden distributing tumor is most often appears in the pharyngeal tonsils and in the root region of the tongue. In some cases, the metastatic node can be the primary focus.  The most effective complex therapy is surgical intervention with followed radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy. The spectrum (range) of diagnostic procedures can include bilateral tonsillectomy and mucosectomy of the root region of the tongue. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – выявить закономерности протекания метастазов плоскоклеточного рака (ПКР) в лимфатических узлах шеи без выявленного первичного очага, а также оценить эффективность различных методов лечения.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных о 45 больных с метастазами ПКР в шейных лимфатических узлах без выявленного первичного очага, лечившихся в разных отделениях ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России с 2005 по 2012 г. Источником сведений стали амбулаторные карты и истории болезней, гистологические препараты и парафиновые блоки.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Метастазы ПКР без выявленного первичного очага наиболее характерны для узлов шеи и верхней части туловища, среди пациентов преобладают мужчины 50–59 лет. Для установления локализации первичного очага традиционные диагностические процедуры не всегда эффективны: при морфологическом исследовании первичный очаг может скрываться за воспалительными изменениями, кроме того, само опухолевое поражение может быть первичным очагом. Опухоли, схожие с лимфоэпителиомоподобным раком, также могли имитировать метастаз в лимфатическом узле. Рак миндалин очень часто даже при повторных биопсиях не обнаруживается, поэтому вполне оправданна диагностическая тонзиллэктомия. Выживаемость мало зависит от идентификации источника метастазирования. Круг методов лечения при ПКР ограничен, большую эффективность демонстрируют комбинированные и комплексные методы, химиотерапия менее целесообразна. Ведущим прогностическим фактором является степень распространенности метастатического поражения. Вирусологическое исследование позволяет лишь предположить локализацию опухолевого процесса в носоглотке у больных с экспрессией вируса папилломы человека и прогнозировать у них большую выживаемость, а число пациентов с экспрессией вируса Эпштейна–Барр слишком незначительно для обоснованных предположений.</p><p><bold>Выводы.</bold> При метастазах ПКР в лимфатических узлах шеи без выявленного первичного очага скрыто протекающая опухоль чаще всего обнаруживается в глоточных миндалинах и в области корня языка. В отдельных случаях метастатический узел сам может быть первичным очагом. Наиболее эффективна комплексная терапия – хирургическое вмешательство с последующей лучевой терапией в сочетании с химиотерапией. Спектр диагностических процедур может включать двустороннюю тонзиллэктомию и мукозэктомию области корня языка. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>squamous cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>metastases without identified primary focus</kwd><kwd>lymph nodes of the neck</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак</kwd><kwd>метастазы без выявленного первичного очага</kwd><kwd>лимфатические узлы шеи</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Рак без выявленного первичного очага. В кн.: Минимальные клинические рекомендации Европейского общества медицинской онкологии (ESMO). М.: Изд. группа РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина РАМН, 2010. С. 348–353. [Cancer without detected primary focus. In: Minimal clinical recommendations of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO). Moscow: Publ. group of the N.N. Blokhin ROSC, 2010. Pр. 348–353. 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