Head and Neck TumorsHead and Neck TumorsОпухоли головы и шеи2222-14682411-4634Publishing House ABV Press35710.17650/2222-1468-2018-8-3-12-20DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEAD AND NECK TUMORSДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ГОЛОВЫ И ШЕИFibrous dysplasia of the maxillofacial area: a 15-year retrospective studyФиброзная дисплазия челюстно-лицевой области: клинико-рентгенологический анализ 15-летнего опытаhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-7709KugushevA. Yu.КугушевА. Ю.
Russian Federation

117 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 117513.

117513 Москва, Ленинский просп., 117.

drkugushev@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-9059LopatinA. V.ЛопатинА. В.
Russian Federation

6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198.

117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0319-3103YasonovS. A.ЯсоновС. А.
Russian Federation

117 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 117513.

117513 Москва, Ленинский просп., 117.

BolotinM. V.БолотинМ. В.
Russian Federation

23 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478.

115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0777-9152RogozhinD. V.РогожинД. В.
Russian Federation

117 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 117513.

117513 Москва, Ленинский просп., 117.

Russian Children’s Clinic, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia.Российская детская клиническая больница ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России.RUDN University.ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов».N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia.ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России.081120188312200711201807112018Copyright ©; 2018, Kugushev A.Y., Lopatin A.V., Yasonov S.A., Bolotin M.V., Rogozhin D.V.Copyright ©; 2018, Кугушев А.Ю., Лопатин А.В., Ясонов С.А., Болотин М.В., Рогожин Д.В.2018Kugushev A.Y., Lopatin A.V., Yasonov S.A., Bolotin M.V., Rogozhin D.V.Кугушев А.Ю., Лопатин А.В., Ясонов С.А., Болотин М.В., Рогожин Д.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/357

The study objective is to determine the clinical and radiological characteristics of fibrous dysplasia of the maxillofacial area in children.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the data of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Russian Children’s Clinic for 15 years was performed. Clinical manifestations of fibrous dysplasia were compared with the X-ray characteristics in 86 patients.Results and conclusion. In the study group, boys (in 1.2 times) slightly prevailed. The median age of debut of the disease was 8.4 years, and the time before treatment was 2.2 years. The main complaint was the appearance of a painless slowly progressing deformation. Most often, the maxilla and frontal bone were affected. X-ray fibrous dysplasia was manifested by the presence of a focus with a reduced density, relative to the adjacent bone, the type of “ground glass” with the possible presence of cysts.

Цель исследования – определить клинико-рентгенологические особенности фиброзной дисплазии челюстно-лицевой области у детей.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных отделения челюстно-лицевой хирургии Российской детской клинической больницы за 15 лет. Клинические проявления фиброзной дисплазии были сопоставлены с рентгенологической картиной у 86 пациентов.Результаты и заключение. Среди пациентов доля мальчиков была в 1,2 раза больше. Средний возраст дебюта заболевания составил 8,4 года, а среднее время от дебюта до обращения к врачу – 2,2 года. Основной жалобой было появление безболезненной медленно прогрессирующей деформации. Чаще всего зоной поражения была верхняя челюсть и лобная кость. Рентгенологически фиброзная дисплазия проявлялась наличием очага пониженной плотности (относительно плотности прилегающей кости) по типу «матового стекла» с возможным наличием кист.

fibrous dysplasiachildrenmaxillofacial areacomputed tomographyфиброзная дисплазиядетичелюстно-лицевая областькомпьютерная томография1. Mohammed-Araghi H., Haery C. Fibroosseous lesions of craniofacial bones. The role of imaging. Radio Clin North Am 1993;31:121–34. PMID: 8419969.Mohammed-Araghi H., Haery C. Fibroosseous lesions of craniofacial bones. The role of imaging. Radio Clin North Am 1993;31:121–34. PMID: 8419969.2. Lichtenstein L. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Arch Surg 1938;36:874–98.Lichtenstein L. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Arch Surg 1938;36:874–98.3. Riminucci M., Saggio I., Robey P. G., Bianco P. Fibrous dysplasia as a stem cell disease. J Bone Min Res 2006;21 Suppl 2:125–31. DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.06s224. PMID: 17229001.Riminucci M., Saggio I., Robey P. G., Bianco P. Fibrous dysplasia as a stem cell disease. J Bone Min Res 2006;21 Suppl 2:125–31. DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.06s224. PMID: 17229001.4. Cohen M. M. Jr, Howell R. E. Etiology of fibrous dysplasia and McCune–Albright syndrome. Int J Maxillofac Surg 1999;28(5):366–71. PMID: 10535539.Cohen M. M. Jr, Howell R. E. Etiology of fibrous dysplasia and McCune–Albright syndrome. Int J Maxillofac Surg 1999;28(5):366–71. PMID: 10535539.5. Lustig L. R., Holliday M. J., McCarthy E.F., Nager G.T. Fibrous dysplasia involving the skull base and temporal bone. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;127(10):1239–47. PMID: 11587606.Lustig L. R., Holliday M. J., McCarthy E.F., Nager G.T. Fibrous dysplasia involving the skull base and temporal bone. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;127(10):1239–47. PMID: 11587606.6. MacDonald-Jankowski D. S. Fibro-osseous lesions of the face and jaws. Clin Radiol 2004;59(1):11–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2003.07.003. PMID: 14697371.MacDonald-Jankowski D. S. Fibro-osseous lesions of the face and jaws. Clin Radiol 2004;59(1):11–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2003.07.003. PMID: 14697371.7. Sandison A. Fibrous dysplasia. In: Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumours, WHO classification of tumours, 3rd edn. Vol. 9. Ed. by L. Barnes, J. W. Eveson, P. Reichart, D. Sidransky. Lyon: IARC Press, 2005. Pp. 321–322.Sandison A. Fibrous dysplasia. In: Pathology and genetics of head and neck tumours, WHO classification of tumours, 3rd edn. Vol. 9. Ed. by L. Barnes, J. W. Eveson, P. Reichart, D. Sidransky. Lyon: IARC Press, 2005. Pp. 321–322.8. Speight P. M., Carlos R. Maxillofacial fibro- osseous lesions. Curr Diagn Pathol 2006;12(1):1–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.cdip.2005.10.002.Speight P. M., Carlos R. Maxillofacial fibro- osseous lesions. Curr Diagn Pathol 2006;12(1):1–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.cdip.2005.10.002.9. Dobre M. C., Fischbein N. “Do not touch” lesions of the skull base. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2014;58(4):458–63. DOI: 10.1111/1754–9485.12195. PMID: 24964828.Dobre M. C., Fischbein N. “Do not touch” lesions of the skull base. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2014;58(4):458–63. DOI: 10.1111/1754–9485.12195. PMID: 24964828.10. Tabrizi R., Özkan B. T. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia of orbit. J Craniofac Surg 2008;19(6):1532–7. DOI: 10.1097/SCS. 0b013e31818ac270. PMID: 19098545.Tabrizi R., Özkan B. T. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia of orbit. J Craniofac Surg 2008;19(6):1532–7. DOI: 10.1097/SCS. 0b013e31818ac270. PMID: 19098545.11. Sherman R. S., Glauser O. J. Radiological identification of fibrous dysplasia of the jaws. Radiology 1958;71(4):553–8. DOI: 10.1148/71.4.553. PMID: 13591540.Sherman R. S., Glauser O. J. Radiological identification of fibrous dysplasia of the jaws. Radiology 1958;71(4):553–8. DOI: 10.1148/71.4.553. PMID: 13591540.12. MacDonald-Jankowski D. Fibrous dysplasia: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2009;38(4):196–215. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/16645318. PMID: 19372108.MacDonald-Jankowski D. Fibrous dysplasia: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2009;38(4):196–215. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/16645318. PMID: 19372108.13. Chong V. F., Khoo J. B., Fan Y. F. Fibrous dysplasia involving the base of the skull. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002;178(3):717–20. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.178.3.1780717. PMID: 11856704.Chong V. F., Khoo J. B., Fan Y. F. Fibrous dysplasia involving the base of the skull. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002;178(3):717–20. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.178.3.1780717. PMID: 11856704.14. Chen Y. R., Wong F. H., Hsueh C., Lo L. J. Computed tomography characteristics of non-syndromic craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. Chang Gung Med J 2002;25(1):1–8. PMID: 11926581.Chen Y. R., Wong F. H., Hsueh C., Lo L. J. Computed tomography characteristics of non-syndromic craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. Chang Gung Med J 2002;25(1):1–8. PMID: 11926581.15. Akintoye S. O., Otis L. L., Atkinson J. C. et al. Analyses of variable panoramic radiographic characteristics of maxillomandibular fibrous dysplasia in McCune– Albright syndrome. Oral Dis 2004;10(1):36–43. DOI: 10.1046/j.1354-523X.2003.00971.x. PMID: 14996293.Akintoye S. O., Otis L. L., Atkinson J. C. et al. Analyses of variable panoramic radiographic characteristics of maxillomandibular fibrous dysplasia in McCune– Albright syndrome. Oral Dis 2004;10(1):36–43. DOI: 10.1046/j.1354-523X.2003.00971.x. PMID: 14996293.16. Case D. B., Chapman C. N. Jr, Freeman J. K., Polga J. P. Best cases from the AFIP: atypical presentation of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with myxoma (Mazabraud syndrome). Radiographics 2010;30(3):827–32. DOI: 10.1148/rg.303095155. PMID: 20462996.Case D. B., Chapman C. N. Jr, Freeman J. K., Polga J. P. Best cases from the AFIP: atypical presentation of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia with myxoma (Mazabraud syndrome). Radiographics 2010;30(3):827–32. DOI: 10.1148/rg.303095155. PMID: 20462996.17. Chen Y. R., Chang C. N., Tan Y. C. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: an update. Chang Gung Med J 2006;29(6):543–9. PMID: 17302216.Chen Y. R., Chang C. N., Tan Y. C. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: an update. Chang Gung Med J 2006;29(6):543–9. PMID: 17302216.18. Guruprasad Y., Prabhakar C. Craniofacial polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Contemp Clin Dent 2010;1(3):177–9. DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.72787. PMID: 22114411.Guruprasad Y., Prabhakar C. Craniofacial polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Contemp Clin Dent 2010;1(3):177–9. DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.72787. PMID: 22114411.19. Abdelkarim A., Green R., Startzell J. et al. Craniofacial polyostotic fibrous dysplasia: a case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;106(1):e49–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.03.023. PMID: 18585612.Abdelkarim A., Green R., Startzell J. et al. Craniofacial polyostotic fibrous dysplasia: a case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;106(1):e49–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.03.023. PMID: 18585612.20. Ricalde P., Horswell B. B. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia of the fronto-orbital region: a case series and literature review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59(2):157–67. DOI: 10.1053/joms.2001.20487. PMID: 11213984.Ricalde P., Horswell B. B. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia of the fronto-orbital region: a case series and literature review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59(2):157–67. DOI: 10.1053/joms.2001.20487. PMID: 11213984.21. Alvares L. C., Capelozza A. L., Cardoso C. L. et al. Monostotic fibrous dysplasia: a 23-year follow-up of a patient with spontaneous bone remodeling. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;107(2):229–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.10.009. PMID: 19138641.Alvares L. C., Capelozza A. L., Cardoso C. L. et al. Monostotic fibrous dysplasia: a 23-year follow-up of a patient with spontaneous bone remodeling. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;107(2):229–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.10.009. PMID: 19138641.22. Gupta D., Garg P., Mittal A. Computed tomography in craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: a case series with review of literature and classification update. Open Dent J 2017;11:384–403. DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010384. PMID: 28839487.Gupta D., Garg P., Mittal A. Computed tomography in craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: a case series with review of literature and classification update. Open Dent J 2017;11:384–403. DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010384. PMID: 28839487.23. Hudson T. M., Stiles R. G., Monson D. K. Fibrous lesions of bone. Radiol Clin North Am 1993;31(2):279–97. PMID: 8446750.Hudson T. M., Stiles R. G., Monson D. K. Fibrous lesions of bone. Radiol Clin North Am 1993;31(2):279–97. PMID: 8446750.24. Tehranzadeh J., Fung Y., Donohue M. et al. Computed tomography of Paget disease of the skull versus fibrous dysplasia. Skeletal Radiol 1998;27(12):664–72. DOI: 10.1007/s002560050456. PMID: 9921927.Tehranzadeh J., Fung Y., Donohue M. et al. Computed tomography of Paget disease of the skull versus fibrous dysplasia. Skeletal Radiol 1998;27(12):664–72. DOI: 10.1007/s002560050456. PMID: 9921927.25. Jee W. H., Choi K. H., Choe B. Y. et al. Fibrous dysplasia: MR imaging characteristics with radiopathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996;167(6):1523–7. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.167.6.8956590. PMID: 8956590.Jee W. H., Choi K. H., Choe B. Y. et al. Fibrous dysplasia: MR imaging characteristics with radiopathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996;167(6):1523–7. DOI: 10.2214/ajr.167.6.8956590. PMID: 8956590.26. Posnick J. C. Fibrous dysplasia of the craniomaxillofacial region: current clinical perspectives. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;36(4):264–73. DOI: 10.1016/S0266-4356(98)90710-0. PMID: 9762454.Posnick J. C. Fibrous dysplasia of the craniomaxillofacial region: current clinical perspectives. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;36(4):264–73. DOI: 10.1016/S0266-4356(98)90710-0. PMID: 9762454.27. Langland O. E., Langlais R. P., Preece J. W. Principles of dental imaging. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 2002.Langland O. E., Langlais R. P., Preece J. W. Principles of dental imaging. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 2002.28. Sontakke S. A., Karjodkar F. R., Umarji H. R. Computed tomographic features of fibrous dysplasia of maxillofacial region. Imaging Sci Dent 2011;41(1):23–8. DOI: 10.5624/isd.2011.41.1.23. PMID: 21977470.Sontakke S. A., Karjodkar F. R., Umarji H. R. Computed tomographic features of fibrous dysplasia of maxillofacial region. Imaging Sci Dent 2011;41(1):23–8. DOI: 10.5624/isd.2011.41.1.23. PMID: 21977470.29. Chen Y. R., Chang C. N., Tan Y. C. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: an update. Chang Gung Med J 2006;29(6):543–9. DOI: 10.1186/1750‑1172‑7-S1-S2. PMID: 17302216.Chen Y. R., Chang C. N., Tan Y. C. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: an update. Chang Gung Med J 2006;29(6):543–9. DOI: 10.1186/1750‑1172‑7-S1-S2. PMID: 17302216.30. Mohan R. P., Verma S., Gupta N. et al. The radiological versatility of fibrous dysplasia: an 8-years retrospective radiographic analysis in a north Indian population. Indian J Dent 2014;5(3):139–45. DOI: 10.4103/0975-962X.140823. PMID: 25565743.Mohan R. P., Verma S., Gupta N. et al. The radiological versatility of fibrous dysplasia: an 8-years retrospective radiographic analysis in a north Indian population. Indian J Dent 2014;5(3):139–45. DOI: 10.4103/0975-962X.140823. PMID: 25565743.31. MacDonald-Jankowski D. S., Li T. K. Fibrous dysplasia in a Hong Kong community: the clinical and radiological features and out-comes of treatment. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2009;38(2):63–72. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/56740531. PMID: 19176647.MacDonald-Jankowski D. S., Li T. K. Fibrous dysplasia in a Hong Kong community: the clinical and radiological features and out-comes of treatment. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2009;38(2):63–72. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/56740531. PMID: 19176647.32. Monje A., Monje F. S., Suarez F. et al. Oral rehabilitation with dental implants for teeth involved in a maxillary fibrous dysplasia. Clin Adv Periodontics 2013;3(4):208–13. DOI: 10.1902/cap.2012.120015.Monje A., Monje F. S., Suarez F. et al. Oral rehabilitation with dental implants for teeth involved in a maxillary fibrous dysplasia. Clin Adv Periodontics 2013;3(4):208–13. DOI: 10.1902/cap.2012.120015.33. Panda N. K., Parida P. K., Sharma R. et al. A clinicoradiologic analysis of symptomatic craniofacial fibro-osseous lesions. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007;136(6):928–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.01.031. PMID: 17547981.Panda N. K., Parida P. K., Sharma R. et al. A clinicoradiologic analysis of symptomatic craniofacial fibro-osseous lesions. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007;136(6):928–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.01.031. PMID: 17547981.34. Nityasri V., Haris P. S., Bose T., Balan A. Fibrous dysplasia – a 13-year retrospective radiographic analysis in a south Indian population. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2011;40(5):282–9. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/32556437. PMID: 21697153.Nityasri V., Haris P. S., Bose T., Balan A. Fibrous dysplasia – a 13-year retrospective radiographic analysis in a south Indian population. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2011;40(5):282–9. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/32556437. PMID: 21697153.35. Grasso D. L., Guerci V. I., Di Emidio P. et al. Dizziness as presenting symptom of monostotic fibrous dysplasia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol Extra 2006;1:138–41.Grasso D. L., Guerci V. I., Di Emidio P. et al. Dizziness as presenting symptom of monostotic fibrous dysplasia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol Extra 2006;1:138–41.36. Feller L., Wood N. H., Khammissa R. A. et al. The nature of fibrous dysplasia. Head Face Med 2009;5:22. DOI: 10.1186/1746-160X-5-22. PMID: 19895712.Feller L., Wood N. H., Khammissa R. A. et al. The nature of fibrous dysplasia. Head Face Med 2009;5:22. DOI: 10.1186/1746-160X-5-22. PMID: 19895712.37. Neville B. W., Damm D. D., Allan C. M., Bouquot J. E. Bone Pathology. In: Oral and maxillofacial pathology. 2nd edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 2002. Pp. 553–557, 635–640.Neville B. W., Damm D. D., Allan C. M., Bouquot J. E. Bone Pathology. In: Oral and maxillofacial pathology. 2nd edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 2002. Pp. 553–557, 635–640.38. Megerian C. A., Sofferman R. A., McKenna J. M. et al. Fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone: ten new cases demonstrating the spectrum of otologic sequelae. American J Otol 1995;16(4):408–19. PMID: 8588639.Megerian C. A., Sofferman R. A., McKenna J. M. et al. Fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone: ten new cases demonstrating the spectrum of otologic sequelae. American J Otol 1995;16(4):408–19. PMID: 8588639.39. Worth H. M. Principles and practice of oral radiologic interpretation. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1963. 606 p.Worth H. M. Principles and practice of oral radiologic interpretation. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1963. 606 p.40. Langlais R. P., Langland O. E., Nortje C. J. Diagnostic imaging of the jaws. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995. Pp. 583–588.Langlais R. P., Langland O. E., Nortje C. J. Diagnostic imaging of the jaws. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995. Pp. 583–588.41. Celenk P., Zengin Z., Muglali M., Celenk C. Computed tomography of cranio- facial fibrous dysplasia. Eur J Radiol Extra 2009;69(3):e85–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrex.2008.09.004.Celenk P., Zengin Z., Muglali M., Celenk C. Computed tomography of cranio- facial fibrous dysplasia. Eur J Radiol Extra 2009;69(3):e85–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrex.2008.09.004.42. Kontham R., Kontham U. Constricted path of closure: a diagnostic challenge. J Dent App 2015;2(5):219–22.Kontham R., Kontham U. Constricted path of closure: a diagnostic challenge. J Dent App 2015;2(5):219–22.43. Menon S., Venkatswamy S., Ramu V. et al. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: surgery and literature review. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2013;3(1):66–71. DOI: 10.4103/2231-0746.110088. PMID: 23662263.Menon S., Venkatswamy S., Ramu V. et al. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia: surgery and literature review. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2013;3(1):66–71. DOI: 10.4103/2231-0746.110088. PMID: 23662263.44. Petrikowski C. G., Pharoah M. J., Lee L., Grace M. G. Radiographic differentiation of osteogenic sarcoma, osteomyelitis and fibrous-dysplasia of the jaws. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995;80(6):744–50. PMID: 8680984.Petrikowski C. G., Pharoah M. J., Lee L., Grace M. G. Radiographic differentiation of osteogenic sarcoma, osteomyelitis and fibrous-dysplasia of the jaws. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995;80(6):744–50. PMID: 8680984.45. MacDonald-Jankowski D. S. Fibrous dysplasia in the jaws of a Hong- Kong population: radiographic presentation and systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1999;28(4):195–202. DOI: 10.1038/sj/dmfr/4600440. PMID: 10455381.MacDonald-Jankowski D. S. Fibrous dysplasia in the jaws of a Hong- Kong population: radiographic presentation and systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1999;28(4):195–202. DOI: 10.1038/sj/dmfr/4600440. PMID: 10455381.46. Cordeiro M. S., Backes A. R., Júnior A. F. et al. Fibrous dysplasia characterization using lacunarity analysis. J Digit Imaging 2016;29(1):134–40. DOI: 10.1007/s10278‑015‑9815‑3. PMID: 26307180.Cordeiro M. S., Backes A. R., Júnior A. F. et al. Fibrous dysplasia characterization using lacunarity analysis. J Digit Imaging 2016;29(1):134–40. DOI: 10.1007/s10278‑015‑9815‑3. PMID: 26307180.47. Waldron C. A., Giansati J. S. Benign fibro-osseus lesions of the jaws: a clinicalradiologic- histologic review of sixty-five cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973;35(2):190–201. PMID: 4513065.Waldron C. A., Giansati J. S. Benign fibro-osseus lesions of the jaws: a clinicalradiologic- histologic review of sixty-five cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973;35(2):190–201. PMID: 4513065.48. Gupta D. Oro-Maxillofacial radiology and imaging: an indispensible dental speciality. Open Dent J 2015;9:260–2. DOI: 10.2174/1874210601509010260. PMID: 26464592.Gupta D. Oro-Maxillofacial radiology and imaging: an indispensible dental speciality. Open Dent J 2015;9:260–2. DOI: 10.2174/1874210601509010260. PMID: 26464592.49. Gupta D., Sheikh S., Pallagatti S. et al. Osteomyelitis of the mandible mimicking fibrous dysplasia: a radiographic controversy. Clin Dent 2013;7(3):20–5.Gupta D., Sheikh S., Pallagatti S. et al. Osteomyelitis of the mandible mimicking fibrous dysplasia: a radiographic controversy. Clin Dent 2013;7(3):20–5.50. Sheikh S., Pallagatti S., Gupta D., Mittal A. Tuberculous osteomyelitis of mandibular condyle: a diagnostic dilemma. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2012;41(2): 169–74. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/56238546. PMID: 22074872.Sheikh S., Pallagatti S., Gupta D., Mittal A. Tuberculous osteomyelitis of mandibular condyle: a diagnostic dilemma. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2012;41(2): 169–74. DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/56238546. PMID: 22074872.51. Kushner G. M., Alpert B. Osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis. In: Peterson’s principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Vol. 1. Ed. by M. Miloro. 2nd edn. London: BC Decker, 2004. Pp. 313–326.Kushner G. M., Alpert B. Osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis. In: Peterson’s principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Vol. 1. Ed. by M. Miloro. 2nd edn. London: BC Decker, 2004. Pp. 313–326.52. Topazian R. G. Osteomyelitis of the jaws. In: Topazian R. G., Goldberg M. G., Hupp J. R. Oral and maxillofacial infections. 4th edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co., 2006. Pp. 214–242.Topazian R. G. Osteomyelitis of the jaws. In: Topazian R. G., Goldberg M. G., Hupp J. R. Oral and maxillofacial infections. 4th edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co., 2006. Pp. 214–242.