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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">359</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2018-8-3-37-45</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEAD AND NECK TUMORS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ГОЛОВЫ И ШЕИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Surgery for advanced oropharyngeal cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургический подход к лечению местно-распространенного рака ротоглотки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4756-1310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпенко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37 Liteyny Ave., Saint Petersburg 191104.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191104 Санкт-Петербург, Литейный просп., 37.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-4420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sibgatullin</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сибгатуллин</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37 Liteyny Ave., Saint Petersburg 191104.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191104 Санкт-Петербург, Литейный просп., 37.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-7775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37 Liteyny Ave., Saint Petersburg 191104.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191104 Санкт-Петербург, Литейный просп., 37.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0398-7491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chumanikhina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуманихина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37 Liteyny Ave., Saint Petersburg 191104.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191104 Санкт-Петербург, Литейный просп., 37.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6969-6988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lomteva</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ломтева</surname><given-names>E. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>45–49 Lunacharskogo Ave., Saint Petersburg 194291.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194291 Санкт-Петербург, просп. Луначарского, 45–49.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1820-7849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаврова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>45–49 Lunacharskogo Ave., Saint Petersburg 194291.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>194291 Санкт-Петербург, просп. Луначарского, 45–49.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4597-184X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostova</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костова</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37 Liteyny Ave., Saint Petersburg 191104.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191104 Санкт-Петербург, Литейный просп., 37.</p></bio><email>kostova.90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3658-4493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolayeva</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаева</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>37 Liteyny Ave., Saint Petersburg 191104.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191104 Санкт-Петербург, Литейный просп., 37.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Leningrad Regional Oncologic Dispensary.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Ленинградский областной онкологический диспансер».</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Leningrad Regional Clinical Hospital.</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Ленинградская областная клиническая больница».</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-11-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2018-11-07"><day>07</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Karpenko A.V., Sibgatullin R.R., Boyko A.A., Chumanikhina N.S., Lomteva E.Y., Lavrova M.V., Kostova M.G., Nikolayeva O.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Карпенко А.В., Сибгатуллин Р.Р., Бойко А.А., Чуманихина Н.С., Ломтева E.Ю., Лаврова М.В., Костова М.Г., Николаева О.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpenko A.V., Sibgatullin R.R., Boyko A.A., Chumanikhina N.S., Lomteva E.Y., Lavrova M.V., Kostova M.G., Nikolayeva O.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпенко А.В., Сибгатуллин Р.Р., Бойко А.А., Чуманихина Н.С., Ломтева E.Ю., Лаврова М.В., Костова М.Г., Николаева О.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/359">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/359</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>The study objective</bold> is to assess the results of this approach and identifications of factors that may influence the effectiveness of such an approach.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Since 2009 through 2016 72 patients with stage III and IV aged between 42 and 77 years underwent upfront surgery.Anatomical sites included 34 (46 %) tonsil, 24 (33 %) base of tongue and 14 (21 %) soft palate cases. Transcervical sparing the mandible,mandibulectomy and transoral approaches were used in 42 (58 %), 11 (15 %) and 7 (10 %) patient, respectively. Total glossectomy was performed in 4 (5.5 %) cases. Tumor extension necessitated extended laryngectomy in 8 patients (11.5 %). Primary closure of the pharyngeal wound was possible in 30 patients (42 %). Reconstruction with distant flaps was performed in the remaining 42 patients. Both free (anterolateral thigh – 19, radial forearm flap – 10) and flaps with axial blood supply (pectoralis major – 9, supraclavicular flap – 4) were used. There were 6 T1, 12 T2, 28 T3 and 20 T4 tumors; 62 patients were N-positive: N1 – 10 cases, N2 – 51, N3 – 1. Positive surgical margins were diagnosed in 13 cases (18 %) including 3 cases of R2 resection. Adjuvant radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy was completed in 45 patients (63.4 %). Survival was calculated according to Kaplan–Mayer method.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> There was 1 death in early postoperative period. Mean follow-up for the remaining patients (n = 71) was 27 months (1–94). Median survival was 27 months (95 % CI 11.5–42.5); 3-year overall survival was 44 %; 33 out of 34 still alive patients are capable to take food orally. Only 1 (2.9 %) patient is gastrostomy tube dependent. Univariate analysis revealed that positive margins (p &lt;0.0001) and completeness of combined treatment (p &lt;0.01) are the main factors that have statistically significan impact on prognosis.</p><p><bold><italic>Conclusion. </italic></bold>Combined approach with upfront surgery is one of the main treatment modalities for advanced oropharyngeal cancer. Modern reconstructive options and strict adherence to a proper surgical technique give a high chance for a valuable rehabilitation for the vast majority of patients. Scrupulous planning of the resection of the primary tumor based on modern imaging techniques and encouraging patients to complete all prescribed treatments are the main physician-related factors that influence survival outcome.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – ретроспективная оценка онкологической эффективности комбинированного лечения рака ротоглотки (РРГ), на 1-м этапе которого проводится операция, а также определение факторов, влияющих на эффективность.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. С апреля 2009 г. по ноябрь 2016 г. были прооперированы 72 пациента в возрасте от 42 до 77 лет с РРГ III–IV стадий. Первичная опухоль локализовалась в небной миндалине у 34 (46 %) пациентов, в корне языка – у 24 (33 %), в мягком небе – у 14 (21 %). Использовали наружный (чресшейный) доступ без рассечения нижней челюсти в 42 (58 %) случаях, латеральную мандибулэктомию – в 11 (15 %), трансоральный доступ – в 7 (10 %). Тотальная глоссэктомия выполнена у 4 (5,5 %), расширенная ларингэктомия – у 8 (11,5 %) пациентов. Реконструкцию дефекта осуществляли первично у 30 пациентов (42 %). В 42 (58 %) случаях провели пересадку тканей: в 29 случаях использовали аутотрансплантаты для микрохирургической пластики (переднелатеральный бедренный лоскут – в 19, лучевой лоскут – в 10), в 13 – лоскуты с осевым кровоснабжением (лоскут большой грудной мышцы – в 9, супраклавикулярный лоскут – в 4). По данным послеоперационного исследования удаленных тканей распространенность первичной опухоли соответствовала индексу Т1 у 6 пациентов, Т2 – у 12, Т3 – у 28, Т4 – у 20. У 62 пациентов имелись метастазы в регионарных лимфатических узлах: у 10 степень вовлеченности лимфатических узлов соответствовала индексу N1, у 51 – N2 (из них у 5 пациентов поражение лимфатических узлов было билатеральным – N2c), у 1 – N3. При окончательном гистологическом исследовании края резекции признаки опухоли выявлены в 13 (18 %) случаях, в том числе в 3 случаях – макроскопические (R2). Адъювантную лучевую или химиолучевую терапию в дозе от 44 до 66 Гр получили 45 (63,4 %) пациентов. Выживаемость оценивалась по методу Каплана–Майера с использованием даты последней явки или смерти пациента.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В раннем послеоперационном периоде умер 1 пациент, послеоперационная летальность составила 1,4 %. Средний срок наблюдения для оставшихся пациентов (n = 71) составил 27 мес (от 1 до 94 мес). Медиана выживаемости – 27 мес (95 % ДИ 11,5–42,5 мес), 3-летняя общая выживаемость – 44 %. Из 34 живых пациентов 33 способны к полноценному приему пищи через естественные пути, только 1 (2,9 %) из 34 живущих пациентов принимает пищу через гастростому, а не через рот. При статистическом однофакторном анализе установлено, что наибольшее влияние на прогноз оказывают результаты гистологического исследования края резекции (р &lt;0,0001) и проведение адъювантной терапии (р &lt;0,01).</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Комбинированное или комплексное лечение местно-распространенного РРГ, включающее операцию на 1-м этапе и реконструкцию абляционных дефектов современными методами, позволяет сохранить анатомические структуры, которые необходимы для полноценной реабилитации пациентов. Тщательное планирование резекционного этапа с учетом данных предоперационного обследования и проведение адъювантного лечения повышают онкологическую эффективность хирургического лечения РРГ. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oropharyngeal cancer</kwd><kwd>advanced cancer</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак ротоглотки</kwd><kwd>местно-распространенный рак</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Клинические рекомендации по лечению опухолей головы и шеи Общенациональной онкологической сети (США). М.: АБВ-пресс, 2011. [Clinical practice guidelines in oncology head and neck cancers of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (USА). Мoscow: АBV-Press, 2011. 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