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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">418</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2019-9-3-12-23</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEAD AND NECK TUMORS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ГОЛОВЫ И ШЕИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ultrasound diagnosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and ultrasound evaluation of treatment efficacy (changes in tumor volume)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ультразвуковая диагностика плоскоклеточного рака ротоглотки и ультразвуковая оценка эффекта противоопухолевого лечения (изменения объема опухоли)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5910-5892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Allakhverdieva</surname><given-names>G. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аллахвердиева</surname><given-names>Г. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гонча Фаридовна Аллахвердиева </p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>goncha06@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-9268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinyukova</surname><given-names>G. Т.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синюкова</surname><given-names>Г. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7744-5022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sholokhov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шолохов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-6796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danzanova</surname><given-names>Т. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данзанова</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saprina</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саприна</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-3820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudilina</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудилина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-10-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Allakhverdieva G.F., Sinyukova G.Т., Sholokhov V.N., Danzanova Т.Y., Saprina О.А., Gudilina Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Аллахвердиева Г.Ф., Синюкова Г.Т., Шолохов В.Н., Данзанова Т.Ю., Саприна О.А., Гудилина Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Allakhverdieva G.F., Sinyukova G.Т., Sholokhov V.N., Danzanova Т.Y., Saprina О.А., Gudilina Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аллахвердиева Г.Ф., Синюкова Г.Т., Шолохов В.Н., Данзанова Т.Ю., Саприна О.А., Гудилина Е.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/418">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/418</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>The study objective</bold> is to assess the capabilities of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and in the evaluation of treatment efficacy (changes in tumor volume).</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This study included 98 patients (27 (27.5 %) females and 71 (72.5 %) males aged between 20 and 78 years with oropharyngeal tumors; of them, 12 (12.2 %) patients had recurrent tumors. Sixty-seven (68.4 %) participants had their tumors located in the tonsils; 31 (31.6 %) patients had tumors of the root of the tongue; 47 (48.0 %) patients presented with tumors invading adjacent tissues; 57 (58.2 %) patients had their lymph nodes involved. Thirty-two patients were operated at the first stage of treatment, whereas 66 (67.3 %) individuals received induction chemotherapy followed by sequential chemoradiotherapy. Treatment efficacy was evaluated 2 weeks following the completion of the second course of induction chemotherapy. We assessed tumor volume, its structure, type and intensity of vascularization, and the number and size of lymph nodes affected by metastasis. Ultrasonography findings were compared with the results of fibroscopy, X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed 2 weeks following the completion of the second course of induction chemotherapy (no later than 7–10 days).</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> The disagreement between histology and ultrasonography findings reflecting tumor volume (of either newly diagnosed or recurrent tumor) was statistically insignificant. The results of X-ray CT were more likely to be in agreement with histology than the ultrasonography results (85.0 % vs 70.0 %); however, this difference was not statistically significant. Data of X-ray CT and ultrasonography on the tumor volume demonstrated no significant difference between them. MRI and ultrasonography findings on the tumor volume were consistent in 50 % of cases. We identified the most common changes in the structure of the oropharyngeal tumors typical of positive and negative dynamics after 2 courses of induction chemotherapy. Patients with positive dynamics demonstrated a significant decrease in tumor volume detected by all diagnostic methods used (ultrasonography, X-ray CT, and MRI). There was a significant negative correlation between the efficacy of treatment assessed by ultrasonography and the grade of therapeutic pathomorphosis assessed by histology (r = –0.69; р = 0.0014).</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The accuracy of ultrasonography for the estimation of oropharyngeal tumor volume and its spread is comparable with that of X-ray CT and MRI. The disagreement between these methods was statistically insignificant. Ultrasonography is a more sensitive method for the evaluation of patient response to treatment than clinical data.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – определить возможности ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ) в диагностике плоскоклеточного рака ротоглотки и оценке изменения объема опухоли в результате противоопухолевого лечения.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В исследование включены 98 пациентов (27 (27,5 %) женщин, 71 (72,5 %) мужчина) в возрасте от 20 до 78 лет с опухолями ротоглотки, в 12 (12,2 %) случаях – рецидивными. У 67 (68,4 %) больных опухоль располагалась в миндалинах, у 31 (31,6 %) – в корне языка, у 47 (48,0 %) наблюдалось распространение опухоли на соседние зоны, у 57 (58,2 %) выявлено поражение лимфатических узлов. У 32 пациентов на 1-м этапе лечения проведена операция, у 66 (67,3 %) – индукционная химиотерапия с последующей последовательной химиолучевой терапией. Эффект лечения оценивали через 2 нед после 2-го курса индукционной химиотерапии. Определяли изменение объема опухоли, ее структуры, характера и интенсивности васкуляризации, а также количество и размеры метастатически измененных лимфатических узлов. Результаты УЗИ сравнивали с данными фиброскопии, рентгеновской компьютерной (РКТ) и магнитно-резонансной (МРТ) томографии, проведенных через 2 нед после 2-го курса индукционной терапии (не позже чем через 7–10 дней).</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Различия между данными об объеме опухоли (первичной или рецидивной), полученными при гистологическом исследовании и УЗИ, статистически незначимы. Данные РКТ об объеме опухоли чаще совпадали с данными гистологического исследования, чем данные УЗИ (85,0 и 70,0 %), однако это различие оказалось статистически незначимым. Данные РКТ и УЗИ об объеме опухоли статистически не отличались между собой. Данные об объеме опухоли, полученные при МРТ и УЗИ, совпадали с данными гистологического исследования в 50 % случаев. Были определены наиболее характерные изменения в структуре опухоли ротоглотки, характерные для положительной и отрицательной динамики после 2 курсов индукционной химиотерапии. Объем опухоли при положительной динамике лечения статистически значимо уменьшался по данным всех методов диагностики (УЗИ, РКТ, МРТ). Между выраженностью эффекта лечения по данным УЗИ и степенью патоморфоза при гистологическом исследовании обнаружена статистически значимая отрицательная корреляция (r = –0,69; р = 0,0014).</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Возможности УЗИ в определении размеров, объема и распространенности опухоли ротоглотки сопоставимы с данными РКТ и МРТ. Различия между методами статистически незначимы. При оценке ответа опухоли на лечение результаты УЗИ более точны, чем клинические данные.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>oropharyngeal tumor</kwd><kwd>ultrasonography</kwd><kwd>evaluation of treatment efficacy</kwd><kwd>tumor volume</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак головы и шеи</kwd><kwd>опухоль ротоглотки</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>оценка эффективности лечения</kwd><kwd>объем опухоли</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chaturvedi A.K., Anderson W.F., Lortet-Tieulent J. et al. Worldwide trends in incidence rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. J Clin Oncol 2013;31(36):4550–9. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.50.3870.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Jemal A., Simard E.P., Dorell C. et al. 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