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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">451</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2019-9-4-62-73</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Graves’ disease with hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule harboring thyroid carcinoma. Case report and literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Злокачественное новообразование щитовидной железы с высокой функциональной активностью на фоне болезни Грейвса (клиническое наблюдение и обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-2999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuprin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприн</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>15 Lenskaya St., Moscow 129327</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Куприн</p><p>129327 Москва, ул. Ленская, 15</p></bio><email>kuprinlexandr@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-3415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyuga</surname><given-names>V. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малюга</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>129226, 16, 1<sup>st</sup> Leonova St., Moscow 129226</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129226 Москва, ул. 1-я Леонова, 16</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makedonskaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Македонская</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>15 Lenskaya St., Moscow 129327</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129327 Москва, ул. Ленская, 15</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9380-1258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельникова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>15 Lenskaya St., Moscow 129327</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129327 Москва, ул. Ленская, 15</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.K. Eramishantsev City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. А. К. Ерамишанцева Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ОСП «Российский геронтологический научно-клинический центр» ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Kuprin A.A., Malyuga V.Y., Makedonskaya I.V., Melnikova A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Куприн А.А., Малюга В.Ю., Македонская И.В., Мельникова А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuprin A.A., Malyuga V.Y., Makedonskaya I.V., Melnikova A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куприн А.А., Малюга В.Ю., Македонская И.В., Мельникова А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/451">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/451</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to the American Thyroid Association’s 2015 guidelines: “Since hyperfunctioning nodules rarely harbor malignancy, if one is found that corresponds to the nodule in question, no cytologic evaluation is necessary”. These findings are based on numerous studies proving the rareness of the combination of functional autonomy and thyroid cancer, and when such casuistry is detected, the non-aggressive course of the malignant process is observed.Rare revealing of malignant nodules functional autonomy can be attributed to several fundamental bases of non-medullary thyroid carcinoma pathogenesis. According to one of the hypotheses of carcinogenesis, dedifferentiation of thyrocytes occurs initially with the loss of the possibility of the sodium-iodine symporter synthesis, and later of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor synthesis by the cell, which reduces the hormone production by tumor cells. In addition, hyperthyroidism has a protective feature. It reduces the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (which causes hypertrophy, hyperplasia of thyrocytes and has an antiapoptotic effect). This protective function is used in practice for suppressive therapy in the postoperative period, which reduces the progression, recurrence and mortality from thyroid cancer. The above circumstances prove the rareness of the clinical observation described below, which deserves additional attention and subsequent discussion.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Согласно рекомендациям Американской тиреоидологической ассоциации (2015), нет необходимости в морфологической верификации гиперфункционирующих узлов щитовидной железы (ЩЖ), так как последние редко оказываются злокачественными. Данные указания базируются на многочисленных исследованиях, доказывающих редкость сочетания функциональной автономии и рака ЩЖ, а при выявлении подобной казуистики – неагрессивное течение злокачественного процесса.Редкость выявления функциональной автономии злокачественного новообразования можно объяснить несколькими фундаментальными особенностями патогенеза немедуллярных карцином ЩЖ. Согласно одной из гипотез канцерогенеза при дедифференцировке тиреоцитов клетка утрачивает способность синтезировать сначала натрий-йодный симпортер, а позже и рецепторы к тиреотропному гормону, что снижает уровень гормонопродукции в клетках опухоли. Кроме того, при гипертиреозе снижается уровень тиреотропного гормона, который вызывает гипертрофию, гиперплазию тиреоцитов и оказывает антиапоптозный эффект. Данное протективное свойство используется на практике при проведении супрессивной терапии в послеоперационном периоде, что снижает частоту прогрессирования, рецидивов и смертность от рака ЩЖ. Приведенные выше обстоятельства доказывают редкость описанного ниже клинического наблюдения, заслуживающего дополнительного внимания и последующего обсуждения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>hyperthyroidism</kwd><kwd>Graves’ disease</kwd><kwd>functional autonomy of thyroid gland</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>гипертиреоз</kwd><kwd>болезнь Грейвса</kwd><kwd>функциональная автономия щитовидной железы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Cancer Stat Facts: Thyroid Cancer. Available at: https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State of cancer care in Russia in 2016. Ed. by A.D. Kaprin, V.V. Starinsky, G.V. Petrova. 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