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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">471</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2020-10-1-10-19</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEAD AND NECK TUMORS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ГОЛОВЫ И ШЕИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Anaplastic thyroid cancer. Is there a light at the end of the tunnel?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анапластический рак щитовидной железы. Есть ли свет в конце туннеля?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pylev</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пылев</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>22b Dukhovskoy Ln., Moscow 115191</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115191 Москва, Духовской пер., 22б</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhandarova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жандарова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>22b Dukhovskoy Ln., Moscow 115191</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115191 Москва, Духовской пер., 22б</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0997-7825</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>47 Leningradskoe Shosse, Moscow 125195</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125195 Москва, Ленинградское шоссе, 47</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3942-4102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>22b Dukhovskoy Ln., Moscow 115191</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p/><p>Денис Сергеевич Романов </p>115191 Москва, Духовской пер., 22б</bio><email>romanovronc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0384-0596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisovoy</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисовой</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>22b Dukhovskoy Ln., Moscow 115191</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115191 Москва, Духовской пер., 22б</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6171-5128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golub</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голуб</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>47 Leningradskoe Shosse, Moscow 125195</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125195 Москва, Ленинградское шоссе, 47</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Innovative Medical Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Центр инновационных медицинских технологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Мedscan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Медскан»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-04-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-04-10"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Pylev A.L., Zhandarova A.A., Petrov K.S., Romanov D.S., Lisovoy V.A., Golub S.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Пылев А.Л., Жандарова А.А., Петров К.С., Романов Д.С., Лисовой В.А., Голуб С.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pylev A.L., Zhandarova A.A., Petrov K.S., Romanov D.S., Lisovoy V.A., Golub S.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пылев А.Л., Жандарова А.А., Петров К.С., Романов Д.С., Лисовой В.А., Голуб С.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/471">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/471</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most prognostically unfavorable tumors. This disadvantage traditionally consisted of a rapid increase in the size of the primary tumor with a tendency to the development of asphyxia and the rapid appearance of distant metastases, as well as a poor response to the recommended treatment methods. The result of many years of efforts by oncologists around the world were several treatment regimens, including an ideal amount of surgical intervention, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but the effectiveness of this treatment, as well as the patient’s life expectancy after it, could not be called satisfactory. Improving the understanding of the molecular genetic characteristics of tumors, including anaplastic thyroid cancer, provided us with information on two possible features of the genetic apparatus of tumor cells that can have clinical significance: V600E mutations in the BRAF gene and fusion of NTRK genes. The clinical example described in this article is probably the first Russian illustration of the effectiveness of anti-BRAF therapy in a patient with anaplastic thyroid cancer. From our point of view, the benefit of this example is not only to demonstrate the effectiveness of modern targeted therapy, but also the need not to abandon other treatment methods, in this case, radiation therapy to the area of the primary tumor (and by analogy with this, surgical removal of the thyroid tumor glands in case of its resectability).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Анапластический рак щитовидной железы – одна из самых прогностически неблагоприятных опухолей. Такой прогноз обусловлен быстрым увеличением размеров первичной опухоли с тенденцией к развитию асфиксии и быстрым появлением отдаленных метастазов, а также низкой эффективностью рекомендованных схем лечения. Эти схемы, ставшие результатом многолетних усилий онкологов всего мира и включающие в идеальном варианте хирургическое вмешательство, химиотерапию и лучевую терапию, не дают удовлетворительных результатов, а продолжительность жизни пациента после их применения нельзя назвать достаточной. Развитие представлений о молекулярно-генетических особенностях опухолей, в том числе анапластического рака щитовидной железы, предоставило нам информацию о двух возможных особенностях генетического аппарата опухолевых клеток, имеющих, предположительно, клиническое значение: мутации V600E в гене BRAF и слиянии генов NTRK. Описанный в данной статье клинический случай как раз послужит, вероятно, первой в России иллюстрацией эффективности анти-BRAF-терапии у пациентки с анапластическим раком щитовидной железы. С нашей точки зрения, польза данного примера заключается в демонстрации не только эффективности современной таргетной терапии, но и отсутствия необходимости отказываться от иных методов лечения, в данном случае от облучения области первичной опухоли (а в других случаях, по аналогии с этим, – и от хирургического удаления опухоли при условии ее резектабельности).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anaplastic thyroid cancer, mutation in the BRAF gene, dabrafenib, trametinib, targeted therapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анапластический рак щитовидной железы, мутация в гене BRAF, дабрафениб, траметиниб, таргетная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Are C., Shaha A.R. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: biology, pathogenesis, prognostic factors, and treatment approaches. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13(4):453–64. 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