<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">561</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2020-10-3-55-64</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Does morphology have real impact on local and distant recurrences in head and neck cutaneous melanoma?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияют ли морфологические признаки на частоту местных рецидивов и отдаленных метастазов при меланоме кожи головы и шеи?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0918-3857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mudunov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мудунов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>115478 Moscow, Kashirskoye Hwy, 24 </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4546-0011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pak</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пак</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Maxim Pak </bold></p><p><italic>115478 Moscow, Kashirskoye Hwy, 24 </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </italic></p></bio><email>mbpak@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8562-6082</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidov</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидов</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>115478 Moscow, Kashirskoye Hwy, 24 </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9532-4264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baryshnikov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барышников</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p><italic>115478 Moscow, Kashirskoye Hwy, 24 </italic></p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24 </italic></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-11-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-11-16"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-11-16"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Mudunov A.M., Pak M.B., Demidov L.V., Baryshnikov K.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Мудунов А.М., Пак М.Б., Демидов Л.В., Барышников К.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mudunov A.M., Pak M.B., Demidov L.V., Baryshnikov K.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мудунов А.М., Пак М.Б., Демидов Л.В., Барышников К.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/561">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/561</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. The term “local recurrence” is usually understood as regrowth of a tumor after surgical treatment. The regrowth appears within 3–5 cm from postoperative cicatrix. The causes for such prolonged tumor growth or recurrence of patients with cutaneous melanoma are nonradical surgical treatment as well as satellite or transit metastases that were not removed in-block with primary tumor. A great number of clinical researches, aimed at examination of melanoma, its patterns, anatomical criteria and features of clinical course, gave an opportunity to separate satellite or transit metastases into an independent group. Such metastases are realized inside or subdermally, up to 2 cm or more than 2 cm from the primary tumor, yet, not reaching the location of the first regional barrier.</p><p><bold>The aim of the study</bold> is to define influence of the main prognostic factors such as tumor thickness according to Breslow, the level of invasion according to Clark and the presence of ulceration on the frequency of local recurrence with cutaneous melanoma of head and neck.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. The research involved 174 patients with cutaneous melanoma of head and neck (1995–2014). According to our index of contraction of a skin flap (median 30 %) the true borders of resection were clearly defined within all the patients. Thereby, 3 groups were identified with the following resection margin: 1.0 cm, where followed-up treatment results were analyzed.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. Progression-free survival didn’t correlate with the size of surgical resection margins. The survival rates were the best with the lowest resection margin under 0.5 cm (77.3 %) and the worst with the highest resection margin more then 1.0 cm (38.7 %). That means that the treatment results don’t depend on the width increase of tumor resection margin.</p><p><bold>Conclusions</bold>. We consider that clear surgical margins for any thickness of cutaneous melanoma of head and neck should be as follows: 4 mm – 0.72 mm (p = 0.016). In our work, the influence of the main prognostic factors, such as tumor thickness according to Breslow, level of invasion according to Clark and ulceration on the frequency of head and neck cutaneous melanoma local recurrences had no impact.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Под термином «местный рецидив» обычно понимают повторный рост опухоли после хирургического вмешательства, который возникает в пределах 3–5 см от послеоперационного рубца. Причины продолженного роста опухоли или рецидива у пациентов с меланомой кожи – нерадикальное хирургическое лечение, а также сателлитные или транзитные метастазы, которые не были удалены единым блоком вместе с первичной опухолью. Многочисленные исследования особенностей биологии меланомы, морфологических критериев ее диагностики и особенностей ее клинического течения позволили выделить в отдельную группу сателлитные и транзитные метастазы, которые реализуются внутри- или подкожно на расстоянии &lt;2 см или &gt;2 см от первичной опухоли, но не достигая места расположения первого регионарного барьера.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – определить влияние основных прогностических факторов, таких как толщина опухоли по Breslow, уровень инвазии по Clark и наличие изъязвлений, на частоту местных рецидивов при меланоме кожи головы и шеи.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследовании приняли участие 174 пациента с меланомой кожи головы и шеи, проходившие лечение в 1995–2014 гг. С помощью полученного нами индекса сокращения кожного лоскута (медиана 30 %) истинные границы резекции были точно определены у всех пациентов. В зависимости от этого были сформированы 3 группы с отступом &lt;0,5; 0,6–1,0 и &gt;1,0 см, в которых проанализированы отдаленные результаты лечения.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Безрецидивная выживаемость не коррелировала с величиной хирургического отступа. Она была лучшей при минимальном хирургическом отступе (77,3 %) и худшей при максимальном отступе (38,7 %), т. е. отдаленные результаты лечения не зависят от ширины хирургического отступа.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. С использованием ROC-кривых определены безопасные границы хирургического отступа для меланомы кожи головы и шеи: при толщине меланомы кожи головы и шеи &lt;2мм отступ 0,46мм (p = 0,13), при толщине меланомы 0,58мм – 2,01–4,00мм (р = 0,002), при толщине меланомы &gt;4 мм – 0,72 мм (р = 0,016). В нашей работе такие факторы, как толщина опухоли по Breslow, уровень инвазии по Clark и наличие изъязвлений, не влияли на частоту местных рецидивов меланомы кожи головы и шеи, что дает основание утверждать, что уменьшение хирургического отступа действительно не приводит к ухудшению отдаленных результатов лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cutaneous melanoma</kwd><kwd>head and neck</kwd><kwd>local recurrence</kwd><kwd>surgical resection margin</kwd><kwd>progression-free survival</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома кожи</kwd><kwd>голова и шея</kwd><kwd>местный рецидив</kwd><kwd>край резекции</kwd><kwd>выживаемость без прогрессирования</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allakhverdyan G.S., Chekalova M.A., Kokosadze N.V. Preoperative assessment of the local spread of primary cutaneous melanoma using ultrasound. Ultrazvukovaya i funktsionalnaya diagnostika = Ultrasound and functional diagnostics 2007;(4):238–9. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аллахвердян Г.С., Чекалова М.А., Кокосадзе Н.В. Дооперационная оценка местного распространения первичной меланомы кожи ультразвуковым методом. Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика 2007;(4):238–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Balch C.M., Soong S.J., Murad T.M. et al. A multi factorial analysis of melanoma. II. Prognostic factors in patients with stage I (localized) melanoma. Surgery 1979;86(2):343–51.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paches A.I. Head and neck tumors: Clinical guideline. Moscow: Prakticheskaya meditsina, 2013. P. 60–69. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пачес А.И. Опухоли головы и шеи: Клиническое руководство. М.: Практическая медицина, 2013. С. 60–69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Friedman R.J., Rigel S., Kopf A.W. Early detection of malignant melanoma: the role of physician examination and self-examination of the skin. CA Cancer J Clin 1985;35(3):130–51. DOI: 10.3322/canjclin.35.3.130.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Friedman R.J., Rigel D.S., Silverman M.K. et. al. Malignant melanoma in the 1990’s: The continued importance of early detection and the role of physician examination and self-examination of the skin. CA Cancer J Clin 1991;41(4):201–26. DOI: 10.3322/canjclin.41.4.201.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Rigel D.S., Kopf A.W., Friedman R.J. The rate of malignant melanoma in the United States: are we making an impact? J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;17(6):1050–3. DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(87)80487-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malishevskaya N.P., Sokolova A.B., Demidov L.V. The incidence of skin melanoma in the russian federation and federal districts. Meditsinsky sovet = Medical Сouncil 2018;(10):161–5. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малишевская Н.П., Соколова А.В., Демидов Л.В. Современное состояние заболеваемости меланомой кожи. Медицинский совет 2018;(10):161–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Balch C.M., Hjugton A.N., Peters L.I. Cutaneous melanoma. In: Principles and practice of oncology. Ed. by V.I. De Vita, S. Hellman, S.A. Rosenberg. 4th edn. Philadelphia: Lippencott Co., 1993. P. 1612–1661.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Elder D.E., Guerry D.V., Heiberger R.M. et al. Optimal resection margin for cutaneous malignant melanoma. Plast Reconstr Surg 1983;71(1):66–72. DOI: 10.1097/00006534-198301000-00015.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Bodurtha A.J. Spontaneous regression of malignant melanoma. In: Human malignant melanoma. Ed. by W.H. Clark, L.J. Goldmarm, M.J. Mastrangelo. New York; San Francisco; London: Game &amp; Stratton, 1979. P. 227–241.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Spellman J.E. Jr, Driscoll D., Velez A., Karakousis C. Thick cutaneuos melanoma of the trunk and extremities: an institutional review. Surg Oncol 1994;3(6):335–43. DOI: 10.1016/0960-7404(94)90072-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Taylor B.A., Hughes L.E. A policy of selective excision for primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 1985;11(1):7–13.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Urist M.M., Balch C.M., Soong S.J. et al. Head and neck melanoma in 534 clinical stage I patients. A prognostic factors analysis and results of surgical treatment. Ann Surg 1984;200(6):769–75. DOI: 10.1097/00000658-198412000-00017.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Urist M.M., Maddox W.A., Kennedy J., Balch C.M. Patient risk factors and surgical morbidity after regional lymphadenectomy in 204 melanoma patients. Cancer 1983;51(11):2l52–6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anisimov V.V. Content of the concept of “local recurrence” after surgical treatment of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Voprosy onkologii = Problems in Oncology 1985;31(1):32–7. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анисимов В.В. Содержание понятия «местный рецидив» после хирургического лечения злокачественной меланомы кожи. Вопросы онкологии 1985;31(1):32–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trapeznikov N.N., Raben A.S., Yavorski V.V., Titiner G.B. Pigmented nevi and skin neoplasms. Moscow: Meditsina, 1976. P. 177. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трапезников Н.Н., Рабен А.С., Яворский В.В., Титинер Г.Б. Пигментные невусы и новообразования кожи. М.: Медицина, 1976. С. 177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Beardmore G.L., Davis N.C. Multiple primary cutaneous melanomas. Arch Dermatol 1975;11:603–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Cascinelli N., Bajetta E., Vaglini M. et al. Present status and future perspectives of adjuvant treatment of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Pigment Cell Res 1983;6:187–98.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Stage I melanoma of the skin: the problem of resection margins. W.H.O. Collaborating Centres for Evaluation of Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment of Melanoma. Eur J Cancer 1980;16(8):1079–85.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Day C.L., Harrist T.J., Gorstein F. et al. Prognostic significance of “microscopic satellites” in the reticular dermis and subcutaneous fat. Ann Surg 1981;194(1):108–12. DOI: 10.1097/00000658-198107000-00019.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Levine A. On the histological diagnosis and prognosis of malignant melanoma. J Clin Pathol 1980;33(2):101–24. DOI: 10.1136/jcp.33.2.101.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Banzet P., Thomas A., Vuillemin E. Wide versus narrow surgical excision in thin (&lt;2 mm) stage I primary cutaneous melanoma: long term results of a French multicentric prospective randomized trial on 319 patients. Proc Am Assoc Clin Oncol 1993;12:387.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Khayat D., Rixe O., Martin G. et al. Surgical margins in cutaneous melanoma (2 cm versus 5 cm for lesions measuring less than 2.1-mm thick). Cancer 2003; 97(8):1941–6. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11272.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Cohn-Cedermark G., Rutqvist L.E., Andersson R. et al. Long term results of a randomized study by the Swedish Melanoma Study Group on 2-cm versus 5-cm resection margins for patients with cutaneous melanoma with a tumor thickness of 0.8– 2.0 mm. Cancer 2000;89(7):1495–501.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Ringborg U., Andersson R., Eldh J. et al. Resection margins of 2 versus 5 cm for cutaneous malignant melanoma with a tumor thickness of 0.8 to 2.0 mm: randomized study by the Swedish Melanoma Study Group. Cancer 1996;77(9):1809–14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Cascinelli N., Belli F., Santinami M. et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous melanoma: the WHO Melanoma Program experience. Ann Surg Oncol 2000;7(6):469–74. DOI: 10.1007/s10434-000-0469-z.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Veronesi U., Cascinelli N. Narrow excision (1-cm margin). A safe procedure for thin cutaneous melanoma. Arch Surg 1991;126(4):438–41. DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.1991.01410280036004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Balch C.M., Urist M.M., Karakousis C.P. et al. Efficacy of 2-cm surgical margins for intermediate-thickness melanomas (1 to 4 mm). Results of a multiinstitutional randomized surgical trial.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Ann Surg 1993;218(3):262–7. DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199309000-00005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Balch C.M., Soong S.J., Smith T. et al. Long-term results of a prospective surgical trial comparing 2 cm vs. 4 cm excision margins for 740 patients with 1–4 mm melanomas. Ann Surg Oncol 2001;8(2):101–8. DOI: 10.1007/s10434-001-0101-x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Karakousis C.P., Balch C.M., Urist M.M. et al. Local recurrence in malignant melanoma: long-term results of the multiinstitutional randomized surgical trial. Ann Surg Oncol 1996;3(5):446–52. DOI: 10.1007/BF02305762.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Thomas J.M., Newton-Bishop J., A’Hern R. et al. Excision margins in highrisk malignant melanoma. N Engl J Med 2004;350(8):757–66. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa030681.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Ringborg U., Brahme E.M., Drewiecki K. Randomized trial of a resection margin of 2 cm versus 4 cm for cutaneous malignant melanoma with a tumor thickness of more than 2 mm. In: World Congress on Melanoma. Vancouver, 2005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Wheatley K., Wilson J.S., Gaunt P., Marsden J.R. Surgical excision margins in primary cutaneous melanoma: a metaanalysis and Bayesian probability evaluation. Cancer Treat Rev 2016;42:73–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.10.013.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Breslow A. Thickness, cross-sectional areas and depth of invasion in prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. Ann Surg 1970;172:902–8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Balch C.M., Houghton A.N., Sober A.J. et al. Thompson complex closures of melanoma excisions. In: Cutaneous melanoma. 5th edn. St. Louis: Quality Medical Publishing, 2009. P. 275–319.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barchuk L.S. Surgical treatment of melanoma. Prakticheskaya onkologiya = Practical Oncology 2001;(34):30–6. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барчук Л.С. Хирургическое лечение меланом. Практическая онкология 2001;(34):30–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Bagley F.H., Cady B., Lee A. et al. Changes in clinical preservation and management of malignant melanoma. Cancer 1981;47:2126–34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Gershenwald J.E., Scolyer R.A., Hess K.R. et al. Melanoma staging: Evidence-based changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67(6):472–92. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21409.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
