<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">642</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2021-11-2-18-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEAD AND NECK TUMORS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ГОЛОВЫ И ШЕИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Microsurgical reconstruction of maxillary defects after limited resections for malignant tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Микрохирургическая реконструкция верхней челюсти после ограниченных резекций по поводу злокачественных опухолей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7534-6565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolotin</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болотин</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Viktorovich Bolotin</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Викторович Болотин</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>bolotin1980@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3668-0741</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sobolevskiy</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболевский</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-990X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhundov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахундов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-6128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gelfand</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гельфанд</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapromadze</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапромадзе</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-08-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-08-07"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-08-07"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Bolotin M.V., Sobolevskiy V.Y., Akhundov A.A., Gelfand I.M., Sapromadze S.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Болотин М.В., Соболевский В.Ю., Ахундов А.А., Гельфанд И.М., Сапромадзе С.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bolotin M.V., Sobolevskiy V.Y., Akhundov A.A., Gelfand I.M., Sapromadze S.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Болотин М.В., Соболевский В.Ю., Ахундов А.А., Гельфанд И.М., Сапромадзе С.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/642">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/642</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction</bold>. Partial maxillectomy involves resection of 1 or 2 walls of the upper jaw, usually medial and anterior ones. The main purposes of reconstruction include the formation of an adequate support for the eyeball; isolation of the orbit from the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and anterior skull base; normal symmetry; good aesthetic result.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods</bold>. Between 2014 and 2020, we followed up 13 patients. Nine of them (69 %) had combined defects involving the inferior orbital, anterior, and medial walls of the maxilla (class V according to according to the Brown–Shaw classification, 2010), as well as skin on the buccal and zygomatic areas; 1 patient also had lower eyelid affected. Four individuals (31 %) had isolated defects involving the inferior orbital, anterior, and medial walls of the maxilla (class V according to according to the Brown–Shaw classification, 2010). Twelve patients have undergone preoperative 3D-computer simulation. We divided patients into 2 groups according to the size of their defects and resection areas in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. Group 1 included 5 patients with partial maxillary defects (involving 25–40 % of the total area), whereas Group 2 comprised 7 patients with limited maxillary defects (involving 25–40 % of the total area).</p><p>Five patients have undergone reconstructive surgeries with fasciocutaneous flaps, including anterolateral thigh flaps used in 4 individuals (31 %) and thoracodorsal flap used in 1 individual (8 %). Eight patients had their defects repaired using radial fasciocutaneous flaps. The inferior orbital wall was reconstructed using an individual titanium mesh implant.</p><p><bold>Results</bold>. All patients from Group 1 after defect repair with anterolateral thigh flaps and thoracodorsal flaps (4 individuals) had satisfactory aesthetic result. One patient had an unsatisfactory aesthetic result after reconstruction with a radial fasciocutaneous flap due to mesh implant protrusion and formation of an opening in the nasal cavity. The assessment of the eyeball position demonstrated that symmetry was achieved in 4 patients (80 %) after reconstruction using anterolateral thigh flaps (3 patients) and thoracodorsal flap (1 patient). Five patients from Group 2 (72 %) had excellent results, while 2 patients (28 %) had satisfactory results. The assessment of the eyeball position demonstrated that symmetry was achieved in 5 patients (70 %); two participants (28 %) had lower eyelid ectropion.</p><p><bold>Conclusion</bold>. Patients with large maxillary defects (involving 41–60 % of the total area of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and the alveolar process of the maxilla) should undergo reconstructive surgeries with fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh flaps. In case of relatively small defects (involving 25–40 % of the total area of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and the alveolar process of the maxilla) the best option is defect repair with radial fasciocutaneous flaps. Such strategy ensures excellent aesthetic and functional results in 75 % of patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение</bold>. Частичная максиллэктомия подразумевает резекцию 1 или 2 стенок верхней челюсти, чаще всего медиальной и передней. Основные задачи реконструкции: создание адекватной опоры для глазного яблока; изоляция орбиты от полости носа и носоглотки, переднего основания черепа; адекватная симметрия; хороший эстетический результат.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. За период с 2014 по 2020 г. под нашим наблюдением находились 13 пациентов. В 9 (69 %) случаях дефект имел комбинированный характер и включал в себя нижнеглазничную, переднюю и медиальную стенки верхней челюсти (класс V по классификации Brown–Shaw, 2010), а также кожу щечной и скуловой областей, в 1 случае – в сочетании с нижним веком. В 4 (31 %) случаях имелся изолированный дефект нижнеглазничной, передней и медиальной стенок верхней челюсти (класс V по классификации Brown–Shaw, 2010). Предоперационное компьютерное 3D-моделирование было выполнено у 12 пациентов. В зависимости от площади резекции передней стенки гайморовой пазухи нами были выделены 2 группы дефектов: 1-я группа – половинные дефекты верхней челюсти (5 пациентов; 41–60 % от общей площади); 2-я группа – ограниченные дефекты верхней челюсти (7 пациентов; 25–40 % от общей площади).</p><p>Для реконструкции в 5 случаях использован кожно-мышечный лоскут: переднебоковой бедренный – 4 (31 %) наблюдения, торакодорсальный – 1 (8 %) наблюдение. У 8 пациентов применен лучевой кожно-фасциальный лоскут. Реконструкция нижнеглазничной стенки осуществлялась при помощи индивидуального титанового сетчатого имплантата.</p><p><bold>Результаты</bold>. У всех больных 1-й группы после реконструкции переднебоковым бедренным и торакодорсальным лоскутом (4 пациента) получен удовлетворительный эстетический результат. У 1 пациента после реконструкции лучевым кожно-фасциальным лоскутом эстетический результат был неудовлетворительным – прорезывание индивидуального сетчатого имплантата с формированием риностомы. При оценке положения глазного яблока симметрия достигнута у 4 (80 %) больных после реконструкции переднебоковым бедренным (3 пациента) и торакодорсальным (1 пациент) лоскутом. Во 2-й группе при анализе эстетических результатов у 5 (72 %) пациентов получен отличный, у 2 (28 %) – удовлетворительный результат. При оценке положения глазного яблока симметрия достигнута у 5 (72 %) больных, у 2 (28 %) пациентов отмечен эктропион нижнего века.</p><p><bold>Заключение</bold>. В случае протяженных по площади дефектов (41–60 % от общей площади передней стенки гайморовой пазухи и альвеолярного отростка верхней челюсти) методом выбора является кожно-мышечный переднебоковой бедренный лоскут, а в случае небольших (25–40 % от общей площади передней стенки гайморовой пазухи и альвеолярного отростка верхней челюсти) – лучевой кожно-фасциальный лоскут. Подобная тактика позволяет получить отличные эстетические и функциональные результаты у 75 % больных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microsurgery</kwd><kwd>anterolateral thigh flap</kwd><kwd>radial fasciocutaneous flap</kwd><kwd>maxillary resection</kwd><kwd>oncology</kwd><kwd>preoperative computer simulation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микрохирургия</kwd><kwd>переднебоковой бедренный лоскут</kwd><kwd>лучевой кожно-фасциальный лоскут</kwd><kwd>резекция верхней челюсти</kwd><kwd>онкология</kwd><kwd>предоперационное компьютерное моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Piazza C., Paderno A., Taglietti V., Nicolai P. Evolution of complex palatomaxillary reconstructions: the scapular angle osteomuscular free flap. Head Neck Oncol 2013;21(2):95–103. DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32835e8445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piazza C., Paderno A., Taglietti V., Nicolai P. Evolution of complex palatomaxillary reconstructions: the scapular angle osteomuscular free flap. Head Neck Oncol 2013;21(2):95–103. DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32835e8445.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2. Modest M.C., Moore E.J., Abel K.M. et al. Scapular flap for maxillectomy defect reconstruction and preliminary results using three-dimensional modeling. Laryngoscope 2017;127(1):E8–E14. DOI: 10.1002/lary.26351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Modest M.C., Moore E.J., Abel K.M. et al. Scapular flap for maxillectomy defect reconstruction and preliminary results using three-dimensional modeling. Laryngoscope 2017;127(1):E8–E14. DOI: 10.1002/lary.26351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">3. Meland N.B., Maki S., Chao E.Y., Rademaker B. The radial forearm flap: a biomechanical study of donor-site morbidity utilizing sheep tibia. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;90:763–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meland N.B., Maki S., Chao E.Y., Rademaker B. The radial forearm flap: a biomechanical study of donor-site morbidity utilizing sheep tibia. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;90:763–73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">4. Niranjan N.S., Watson D.P. Reconstruction of the cheek using a “suspended” radial forearm free flap. Br J Plast Surg 1990;43(3):365–6. DOI: 10.1016/0007-1226(90)90091-d.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niranjan N.S., Watson D.P. Reconstruction of the cheek using a “suspended” radial forearm free flap. Br J Plast Surg 1990;43(3):365–6. DOI: 10.1016/0007-1226(90)90091-d.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">5. Muhlbauer W., Herndl E., Stock W. The forearm flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1982;70(3):336–44. DOI: 10.1097/00006534-198209000-00007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muhlbauer W., Herndl E., Stock W. The forearm flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1982;70(3):336–44. DOI: 10.1097/00006534-198209000-00007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">6. Cordeiro P.G., Chen C.M. A 15-year review of midface reconstruction after total and subtotal maxillectomy: part I. Algorithm and outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012;129(1):124–36. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318221dca4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cordeiro P.G., Chen C.M. A 15-year review of midface reconstruction after total and subtotal maxillectomy: part I. Algorithm and outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012;129(1):124–36. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e318221dca4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">7. Futran N.D., Wadsworth J.T., Villaret D., Farwell D.G. Midface reconstruction with the fibula free flap. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;128(2):161–6. DOI: 10.1001/archotol.128.2.161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Futran N.D., Wadsworth J.T., Villaret D., Farwell D.G. Midface reconstruction with the fibula free flap. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002;128(2):161–6. DOI: 10.1001/archotol.128.2.161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">8. Swartz W.M., Banis J.C., Newton E.D. et al. The osteocutaneous scapular flap for mandibular and maxillary reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986;77:530–45. DOI: 10.1097/00006534-19860400000003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swartz W.M., Banis J.C., Newton E.D. et al. The osteocutaneous scapular flap for mandibular and maxillary reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1986;77:530–45. DOI: 10.1097/00006534-19860400000003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">9. Coleman J.J., Sultan M.R. The bipedicled osteocutaneous scapula flap: a new subscapular system free flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1991;87:682–92. DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199104000-00013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coleman J.J., Sultan M.R. The bipedicled osteocutaneous scapula flap: a new subscapular system free flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1991;87:682–92. DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199104000-00013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">10. Clark J.R., Vesely M., Gilbert R. Scapular angle osteomyogenous flap in postmaxillectomy reconstruction: defect, reconstruction, shoulder function, and harvest technique. Head Neck 2008;30(1):10–20. DOI: 10.1002/hed.20649.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clark J.R., Vesely M., Gilbert R. Scapular angle osteomyogenous flap in postmaxillectomy reconstruction: defect, reconstruction, shoulder function, and harvest technique. Head Neck 2008;30(1):10–20. DOI: 10.1002/hed.20649.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">11. Miles B.A., Gilbert R.W. Maxillary reconstruction with the scapular angle osteomyogenous free flap. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011;137(11):1130–5. DOI: 10.1001/archoto.2011.187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miles B.A., Gilbert R.W. Maxillary reconstruction with the scapular angle osteomyogenous free flap. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011;137(11):1130–5. DOI: 10.1001/archoto.2011.187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">12. Boorman J.G., Green M.F. A split chinese forearm flap for simultaneous oral lining and skin cover. Br J Plast Surg 1986;39(2):179–82. DOI: 10.1016/0007-1226(86)90079-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boorman J.G., Green M.F. A split chinese forearm flap for simultaneous oral lining and skin cover. Br J Plast Surg 1986;39(2):179–82. DOI: 10.1016/0007-1226(86)90079-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">13. De la Ries S., Noordenbos G., Donker M., van Furth E. The patient’s view on quality of life and eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2007;40(1):13–20. DOI: 10.1002/eat.20338.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De la Ries S., Noordenbos G., Donker M., van Furth E. The patient’s view on quality of life and eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2007;40(1):13–20. DOI: 10.1002/eat.20338.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
