<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">669</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2021-11-3-10-17</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEAD AND NECK TUMORS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ОПУХОЛЕЙ ГОЛОВЫ И ШЕИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Malignant tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses: a retrospective review of a Portuguese cancer center’s experience</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Злокачественные опухоли носа и пазух носа: ретроспективный обзор опыта португальского онкологического центра</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-6941</contrib-id><name><surname>Castelhano</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name><address><country country="PT">Portugal</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Otolaryngology</p><p>126 R. da Junqueira, Lisboa 1349–019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение отоларингологии</p><p>126 R. da Junqueira, Лиссабон 1349–019</p></bio><email>lmgcastelhano@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Correia</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name><address><country country="PT">Portugal</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Otolaryngology</p><p>126 R. da Junqueira, Lisboa 1349–019</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение отоларингологии</p><p>126 R. da Junqueira, Лиссабон 1349–019</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9337-0737</contrib-id><name><surname>Raposo</surname><given-names>D. F.</given-names></name><address><country country="PT">Portugal</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Otolaryngology</p><p>IC19, Amadora 2720–276, Portugal</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение отоларингологии</p><p>IC19, Амадора 2720–276</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Campos</surname><given-names>A. H.</given-names></name><address><country country="PT">Portugal</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Otolaryngology</p><p>Av. 24 de Julho 171A, 1350–352 Lisboa</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение отоларингологии</p><p>Av. 24 de Julho 171A, 1350–352 Лиссабон</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Melo</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name><address><country country="PT">Portugal</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Otolaryngology</p><p>IC19, Amadora 2720–276</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение отоларингологии</p><p>IC19, Амадора 2720–276</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8341-078X</contrib-id><name><surname>Pereira</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><address><country country="PT">Portugal</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Otolaryngology</p><p>R. José António Serrano, Lisboa 1150–199</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение отоларингологии</p><p>R. José António Serrano, Лиссабон 1150–199</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-9631</contrib-id><name><surname>Mariano</surname><given-names>M. C.</given-names></name><address><country country="PT">Portugal</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Otolaryngology</p><p>R. José António Serrano, Lisboa 1150–199</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение отоларингологии</p><p>R. José António Serrano, Лиссабон 1150–199</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7268-7495</contrib-id><name><surname>Ferreira</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><address><country country="PT">Portugal</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Otolaryngology</p><p>R. Prof. Lima Basto, Lisboa 1099–023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение отоларингологии</p><p>R. Prof. Lima Basto, Лиссабон 1099–023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Montalvão</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><address><country country="PT">Portugal</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Otolaryngology</p><p>R. Prof. Lima Basto, Lisboa 1099–023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение отоларингологии</p><p>R. Prof. Lima Basto, Лиссабон 1099–023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Magalhães</surname><given-names>M. T.</given-names></name><address><country country="PT">Portugal</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Otolaryngology</p><p>R. Prof. Lima Basto, Lisboa 1099–023</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение отоларингологии</p><p>R. Prof. Lima Basto, Лиссабон 1099–023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental R</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Госпиталь им. Эгаша Мониша, Центральный госпиталь Лиссабона</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Госпиталь им. Доктора Фернандо Фонсека</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Hospital CUF Tejo</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Госпиталь CUF Tejo</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Hospital de São José, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Госпиталь Святого Иосифа, Центральная больница Университета Лиссабона</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Португальский институт онкологии им. Франсиско Джентиля</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-11-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-11-10"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-11-10"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Castelhano L.G., Correia F.A., Raposo D.F., Campos A.H., Melo M.R., Pereira S.A., Mariano M.C., Ferreira L., Montalvão P., Magalhães M.T.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Castelhano L.G., Correia F.A., Raposo D.F., Campos A.H., Melo M.R., Pereira S.A., Mariano M.C., Ferreira L., Montalvão P., Magalhães M.T.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Castelhano L.G., Correia F.A., Raposo D.F., Campos A.H., Melo M.R., Pereira S.A., Mariano M.C., Ferreira L., Montalvão P., Magalhães M.T.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Castelhano L.G., Correia F.A., Raposo D.F., Campos A.H., Melo M.R., Pereira S.A., Mariano M.C., Ferreira L., Montalvão P., Magalhães M.T.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/669">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/669</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>Although uncommon from a population-based perspective, there is considerable morbidity and mortality associated with malignant tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses.</p><p><bold>The objective of this study </bold>was to characterize the presentation, risk factors, management and survival of patients with these tumors treated at a single institution.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with malignancies of the nose and paranasal sinuses diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2014 at a tertiary cancer center. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed.</p><p><bold>Results. </bold>Ninety patients were included in the study. Mean age at diagnosis was 62.8 years (range, 2–95 years) and mean follow-up was 44.5 months (range, 2–113 months). The maxillary sinus (33.3 %) and the nasal cavity (32.2 %) were the most frequent sites of origin. Squamous cell carcinoma (36.7 %), mucosal melanoma (15.6 %) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (10 %) were the most common histologic subtypes. Surgery was the primary treatment for 86.7 % of patients. Recurrence occurred in 45 patients (50 %). The overall 5‑year survival was 39.3 % and disease free-survival was 45.9 %. Survival was significantly decreased in non-smokers (<italic>p </italic>= 0.022), T3–4 tumors (<italic>p </italic>= 0.007), positive lymph nodes (<italic>p </italic>&lt;0.001), nonepithelial tumors (<italic>p </italic>= 0.036) and positive margins (<italic>p </italic>= 0.032). Survival was not affected by surgical approach between endoscopic, open and combined approaches (<italic>p </italic>= 0.088).</p><p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Prognosis is poor, with high recurrences and low survival, but clearly histology, location and stage-dependent. Sound oncologic principles, with complete resections and negative margins, result in a better outcome.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Несмотря на относительную редкость злокачественных опухолей носа и придаточных пазух в общей популяции, показатели заболеваемости и смертности от этой патологии продолжают оставаться на высоком уровне.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– анализ течения, факторов риска, лечения и выживаемости пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями носа и околоносовых пазух, наблюдающихся в одном учреждении.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Мы провели ретроспективный анализ историй болезни пациентов со злокачественными опухолями носа и придаточных пазух, которые проходили лечение в одном центре в период с января 2010 г. по декабрь 2014 г. Для обработки данных использовался одно- и многофакторный анализ.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В исследование были включены 90 пациентов, средний возраст которых на момент диагноза составлял 62,8 года (диапазон 2–95 лет), а медиана времени наблюдения была 44,5 мес (диапазон 2–113 мес). Чаще всего первичная опухоль локализовалась в гайморовой пазухе (33,3 %) и полости носа (32,2 %). Основными гистологическими типами опухолей были плоскоклеточный рак (36,7 %), меланома слизистой оболочки (15,6 %) и аденоидная кистозная карцинома (10 %). Хирургическое лечение применялось у 86,7 % пациентов. У 45 (50 %) больных были зафиксированы рецидивы заболевания. Общая 5‑летняя выживаемость составила 39,3 %, а безрецидивная выживаемость – 45,9 %. Выживаемость была значительно ниже у некурящих пациентов (<italic>р </italic>= 0,022), больных с опухолями стадии Т3–4 (<italic>р </italic>= 0,007), поражением лимфатических узлов (<italic>р </italic>&lt;0,001), неэпителиальными опухолями (<italic>р </italic>= 0,036) и положительным краем резекции (<italic>р </italic>= 0,032). Тип хирургического доступа (эндоскопический, открытый или комбинированный) не оказывал влияния на выживаемость (<italic>р </italic>= 0,088).</p><p><bold>Заключение. </bold>У пациентов с опухолями носа и пазух, как правило, наблюдаются неблагоприятный прогноз, высокая частота рецидивов и низкие показатели выживаемости. Большую роль играют локализация опухоли и стадия заболевания. Применение разумных подходов к лечению, в частности максимально полное удаление новообразования с отрицательными краями резекции, способствует улучшению исходов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>paranasal sinuses</kwd><kwd>squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck</kwd><kwd>malignant melanoma</kwd><kwd>endoscopic surgical procedures</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>околоносовые пазухи</kwd><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак головы и шеи</kwd><kwd>злокачественная меланома</kwd><kwd>эндоскопические хирургические методы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1. Gras Cabrerizo J.R., Sarandeses García A., Montserrat I Gili J.R. et al. Revisión de los carcinomas de senos paranasales. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2007;58(6):266–75. (In Spanish).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gras Cabrerizo J.R., Sarandeses García A., Montserrat I Gili J.R. et al. Revisión de los carcinomas de senos paranasales. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2007;58(6):266–75. (In Spanish).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2. Harvey R.J., Dalgorf D.M. Chapter 10: Sinonasal malignancies. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2013;27(1 Suppl):S35–8. DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3894.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harvey R.J., Dalgorf D.M. Chapter 10: Sinonasal malignancies. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2013;27(1 Suppl):S35–8. DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3894.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">3. Eloy J.A., Svider P.F., Pfisterer M.J. et al. Carcinoma of the nasal cavity and anterior skull base. In: Head and Neck Cancer: Management and Reconstruction. Ed. by E.M. Genden. 2nd ed. New York: Thieme, 2019. Pp. 278–303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eloy J.A., Svider P.F., Pfisterer M.J. et al. Carcinoma of the nasal cavity and anterior skull base. In: Head and Neck Cancer: Management and Reconstruction. Ed. by E.M. Genden. 2nd ed. New York: Thieme, 2019. Pp. 278–303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">4. Dutta R., Dubal P.M., Svider P.F. et al. Sinonasal malignancies: a populationbased analysis of site-specific incidence and survival. Laryngoscope 2015;125(11):2491–7. DOI: 10.1002/lary.25465.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dutta R., Dubal P.M., Svider P.F. et al. Sinonasal malignancies: a populationbased analysis of site-specific incidence and survival. Laryngoscope 2015;125(11):2491–7. DOI: 10.1002/lary.25465.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">5. Su S.Y., Kupferman M.E., DeMonte F. et al. Endoscopic resection of sinonasal cancers. Curr Oncol Rep 2014;16(2):369. DOI: 10.1007/s11912-013-0369-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su S.Y., Kupferman M.E., DeMonte F. et al. Endoscopic resection of sinonasal cancers. Curr Oncol Rep 2014;16(2):369. DOI: 10.1007/s11912-013-0369-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">6. Turner J.H., Reh D.D. Incidence and survival in patients with sinonasal cancer: a historical analysis of populationbased data. Head Neck 2012;34(6):877– 85. DOI: 10.1002/hed.21830.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turner J.H., Reh D.D. Incidence and survival in patients with sinonasal cancer: a historical analysis of populationbased data. Head Neck 2012;34(6):877– 85. DOI: 10.1002/hed.21830.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">7. Ho A.S., Zanation A.M., Ganly I. Malignancies of the paranasal sinus. In: Cummings Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Ed. by P.W. Flint, B.H. Haughey, V.J. Lund et al. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2015. Pp. 1176–201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho A.S., Zanation A.M., Ganly I. Malignancies of the paranasal sinus. In: Cummings Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Ed. by P.W. Flint, B.H. Haughey, V.J. Lund et al. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2015. Pp. 1176–201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">8. Tumours of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and skull base. In: WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours. Ed. by A.K. El-Naggar, J.K. Chan, J.R. Grandis et al. 4th ed. Lyon: Internation Agency for Research on Cancer, 2017. Pp. 11–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tumours of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and skull base. In: WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours. Ed. by A.K. El-Naggar, J.K. Chan, J.R. Grandis et al. 4th ed. Lyon: Internation Agency for Research on Cancer, 2017. Pp. 11–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">9. Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Ed. by M.B. Amin, S.B. Edge, F.L. Greene et al. 8th ed. New York: Springer, 2017. Pp. 137–47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Ed. by M.B. Amin, S.B. Edge, F.L. Greene et al. 8th ed. New York: Springer, 2017. Pp. 137–47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">10. Pharynx and Esophagus. In: Jatin Shah’s Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology. Ed. by J.P. Shah, S.G. Patel, B. Singh. 4th ed. Phildadelphia: Elsevier, 2012. P. 304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pharynx and Esophagus. In: Jatin Shah’s Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology. Ed. by J.P. Shah, S.G. Patel, B. Singh. 4th ed. Phildadelphia: Elsevier, 2012. P. 304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">11. Götte K., Hörmann K. Sinonasal malignancy: what’s new? ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2004;66(2):85–97. DOI: 10.1159/000077801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Götte K., Hörmann K. Sinonasal malignancy: what’s new? ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2004;66(2):85–97. DOI: 10.1159/000077801.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">12. Goldenberg D., Golz A., Fradis M. et al. Malignant tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses: a retrospective review of 291 cases. Ear Nose Throat J 2001;80(4):272–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldenberg D., Golz A., Fradis M. et al. Malignant tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses: a retrospective review of 291 cases. Ear Nose Throat J 2001;80(4):272–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">13. Bhayani M.K., Yilmaz T., Sweeney A. et al. Sinonasal adenocarcinoma: a 16-year experience at a single institution. Head Neck 2014;36(10):1490–6. DOI: 10.1002/hed.23485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhayani M.K., Yilmaz T., Sweeney A. et al. Sinonasal adenocarcinoma: a 16-year experience at a single institution. Head Neck 2014;36(10):1490–6. DOI: 10.1002/hed.23485.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">14. Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In: Jatin Shah’s Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology. Ed. by J.P. Shah, S.G. Patel, Singh B. 4th ed. Phildadelphia: Elsevier, 2012. P. 104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In: Jatin Shah’s Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology. Ed. by J.P. Shah, S.G. Patel, Singh B. 4th ed. Phildadelphia: Elsevier, 2012. P. 104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">15. Danesh-Sani S.A., Sarafraz A., Chamani M., Derakhshandeh H. Paranasal sinuses malignancies: a 12-year review of clinical characteristics. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016;21(5):e626– e630. DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danesh-Sani S.A., Sarafraz A., Chamani M., Derakhshandeh H. Paranasal sinuses malignancies: a 12-year review of clinical characteristics. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016;21(5):e626– e630. DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">16. Spiro J.D., Soo K.C., Spiro R.H. Squamous carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Am J Surg 1989;158(4):328–32. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(89)90127-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spiro J.D., Soo K.C., Spiro R.H. Squamous carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Am J Surg 1989;158(4):328–32. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(89)90127-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">17. Austin J.R., Kershiznek M.M., McGill D., Austin S.G. Breast carcinoma metastatic to paranasal sinuses. Head Neck 1995;17(2):161–5. DOI: 10.1002/hed.2880170217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Austin J.R., Kershiznek M.M., McGill D., Austin S.G. Breast carcinoma metastatic to paranasal sinuses. Head Neck 1995;17(2):161–5. DOI: 10.1002/hed.2880170217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">18. Maschka D.A., McCulloch T.M., Nerad J.A. Prostate cancer metastatic to the orbit. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1996;105(1):70–1. DOI: 10.1177/000348949610500113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maschka D.A., McCulloch T.M., Nerad J.A. Prostate cancer metastatic to the orbit. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1996;105(1):70–1. DOI: 10.1177/000348949610500113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">19. Terada T. Renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the nasal cavity. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2012;5(6):588–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terada T. Renal cell carcinoma metastatic to the nasal cavity. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2012;5(6):588–91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">20. Harbo G., Grau C., Bundgaard T. et al. Cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. A clinico-pathological study of 277 patients. Acta Oncol 1997;36(1):45–50. DOI: 10.3109/02841869709100731.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harbo G., Grau C., Bundgaard T. et al. Cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. A clinico-pathological study of 277 patients. Acta Oncol 1997;36(1):45–50. DOI: 10.3109/02841869709100731.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">21. Tufano R.P., Mokadam N.A., Montone K.T. et al. Malignant tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses: hospital of the University of Pennsylvania experience 1990– 1997. Am J Rhinol 1999;13(2):117–23. DOI: 10.2500/105065899782106698.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tufano R.P., Mokadam N.A., Montone K.T. et al. Malignant tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses: hospital of the University of Pennsylvania experience 1990– 1997. Am J Rhinol 1999;13(2):117–23. DOI: 10.2500/105065899782106698.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">22. Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. In: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Ed. by M.B. Amin, S.B. Edge, F.L. Greene et al. 8th ed. New York: Springer, 2017. Pp. 937–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. In: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Ed. by M.B. Amin, S.B. Edge, F.L. Greene et al. 8th ed. New York: Springer, 2017. Pp. 937–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">23. Dulguerov P., Calcaterra T. Esthesioneuroblastoma: the UCLA experience 1970–1990. Laryngoscope 1992;102(8):843–9. DOI: 10.1288/00005537-199208000-00001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dulguerov P., Calcaterra T. Esthesioneuroblastoma: the UCLA experience 1970–1990. Laryngoscope 1992;102(8):843–9. DOI: 10.1288/00005537-199208000-00001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">24. O’Sullivan B., Maki R.G., Agulnik M. et al. Soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck. In: AJCC cancer staging manual. Ed. by M. Amin, S. Edge, F. Greene et al. 8th ed. New York: Springer, 2017. Pp. 113–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Sullivan B., Maki R.G., Agulnik M. et al. Soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck. In: AJCC cancer staging manual. Ed. by M. Amin, S. Edge, F. Greene et al. 8th ed. New York: Springer, 2017. Pp. 113–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">25. Koivunen P., Mäkitie A., Bäck L. et al. A national series of 244 sinonasal cancers in Finland in 1990–2004. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012;269(2):615–21. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1615-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koivunen P., Mäkitie A., Bäck L. et al. A national series of 244 sinonasal cancers in Finland in 1990–2004. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012;269(2):615–21. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1615-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">26. Stammberger H., Anderhuber W., Walch C., Papaefthymiou G. Possibilities and limitations of endoscopic management of nasal and paranasal sinus malignancies. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 1999;53(3):199–205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stammberger H., Anderhuber W., Walch C., Papaefthymiou G. Possibilities and limitations of endoscopic management of nasal and paranasal sinus malignancies. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 1999;53(3):199–205.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">27. Meccariello G., Deganello A., Choussy O. et al. Endoscopic nasal versus open approach for the management of sinonasal adenocarcinoma: a pooled-analysis of 1826 patients. Head Neck 2016;38(1 Suppl):E2267–74. DOI: 10.1002/hed.24182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meccariello G., Deganello A., Choussy O. et al. Endoscopic nasal versus open approach for the management of sinonasal adenocarcinoma: a pooled-analysis of 1826 patients. Head Neck 2016;38(1 Suppl):E2267–74. DOI: 10.1002/hed.24182.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">28. Suh J.D., Ramakrishnan V.R., Chi J.J. et al. Outcomes and complications of endoscopic approaches for malignancies of the paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2013;122(1):54–9. DOI: 10.1177/000348941312200110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suh J.D., Ramakrishnan V.R., Chi J.J. et al. Outcomes and complications of endoscopic approaches for malignancies of the paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2013;122(1):54–9. DOI: 10.1177/000348941312200110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">29. Castelnuovo P., Battaglia P., TurriZanoni M. et al. Endoscopic endonasal surgery for malignancies of the anterior cranial base. World Neurosurg 2014;82(6 Suppl):S22–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2014.07.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castelnuovo P., Battaglia P., TurriZanoni M. et al. Endoscopic endonasal surgery for malignancies of the anterior cranial base. World Neurosurg 2014;82(6 Suppl):S22–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2014.07.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">30. Castelnuovo P., Turri-Zanoni M., Battaglia P. et al. Sinonasal malignancies of anterior skull base: histology-driven treatment strategies. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2016;49(1):183–200. DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2015.09.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castelnuovo P., Turri-Zanoni M., Battaglia P. et al. Sinonasal malignancies of anterior skull base: histology-driven treatment strategies. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2016;49(1):183–200. DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2015.09.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">31. Nicolai P., Castelnuovo P., Bolzoni Villaret A. Endoscopic resection of sinonasal malignancies. Curr Oncol Rep 2011;13(2):138–44. DOI: 10.1007/s11912-011-0151-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicolai P., Castelnuovo P., Bolzoni Villaret A. Endoscopic resection of sinonasal malignancies. Curr Oncol Rep 2011;13(2):138–44. DOI: 10.1007/s11912-011-0151-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">32. Ganly I., Patel S.G., Singh B. et al. Craniofacial resection for malignant paranasal sinus tumors: report of an International Collaborative Study. Head Neck 2005;27(7):575–84. DOI: 10.1002/hed.20165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ganly I., Patel S.G., Singh B. et al. Craniofacial resection for malignant paranasal sinus tumors: report of an International Collaborative Study. Head Neck 2005;27(7):575–84. DOI: 10.1002/hed.20165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">33. Khademi B., Moradi A., Hoseini S., Mohammadianpanah M. Malignant neoplasms of the sinonasal tract: report of 71 patients and literature review and analysis. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;13(4): 191–9. DOI: 10.1007/s10006-009-0170-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khademi B., Moradi A., Hoseini S., Mohammadianpanah M. Malignant neoplasms of the sinonasal tract: report of 71 patients and literature review and analysis. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;13(4): 191–9. DOI: 10.1007/s10006-009-0170-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">34. ‘T Mannetje A., Kogevinas M., Luce D. et al. Sinonasal cancer, occupation, and tobacco smoking in European women and men. Am J Ind Med 1999;36:101–7. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199907)36:1&lt;101::aid-ajim14&gt;3.0.co;2-a.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">‘T Mannetje A., Kogevinas M., Luce D. et al. Sinonasal cancer, occupation, and tobacco smoking in European women and men. Am J Ind Med 1999;36:101–7. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199907)36:1&lt;101::aid-ajim14&gt;3.0.co;2-a.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">35. Pfister D.G., Spencer S., Adelstein D. et al. Head and Neck Cancers, Version 2.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2020;18(7):873–98. DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.0031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pfister D.G., Spencer S., Adelstein D. et al. Head and Neck Cancers, Version 2.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2020;18(7):873–98. DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.0031.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
