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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">676</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2021-11-3-83-93</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Periodontal pathogens as a risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Пародонтопатогенная микрофлора как фактор риска развития плоскоклеточного рака слизистой оболочки полости рта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-9453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasimov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казимов</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Erkinovich Kazimov</p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Эркинович Казимов</p><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>mr.kazimov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-1995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorievskaya</surname><given-names>Z. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьевская</surname><given-names>З. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-3416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kropotov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кропотов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-3536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagirova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багирова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3077-0447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petukhova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петухова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-7391</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshchenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терещенко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115478 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4546-0011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pak</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пак</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>111 1th Uspenskoe Hwy, Lapino Village Odintsovsky Dst., Moscow region</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>143081 Московская обл., Одинцовский р-н, д. Лапино, 1‑е Успенское шоссе, 111</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lapino Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клинический госпиталь «Лапино»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-11-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-11-11"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-11-11"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Kasimov A.E., Grigorievskaya Z.V., Kropotov M.A., Bagirova N.S., Petukhova I.N., Tereshchenko I.V., Pak M.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Казимов А.Э., Григорьевская З.В., Кропотов М.А., Багирова Н.С., Петухова И.Н., Терещенко И.В., Пак М.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kasimov A.E., Grigorievskaya Z.V., Kropotov M.A., Bagirova N.S., Petukhova I.N., Tereshchenko I.V., Pak M.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Казимов А.Э., Григорьевская З.В., Кропотов М.А., Багирова Н.С., Петухова И.Н., Терещенко И.В., Пак М.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/676">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/676</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>The associative role of the bacterial factor in the development of both primary malignant tumors of the oral mucosa and relapses is being actively discussed today. In the article published earlier, we have already described the possible mechanisms of action of periodontopathogenic microflora and its connection with the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa through cell proliferation, intracellular accumulation of pathogen, DNA replication and affect the signaling pathways of MARK (mitogen-activated protein kinase).</p><p><bold>Objective </bold>– to analyze the impact of periodontal pathogens on the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma and its recurrence, as well as to evaluate the role of polymerase chain reaction and bacterial culture in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>This study included 35 patients with stage Т3–4 squamous cell carcinoma, whose tumor tissue samples were tested for periodontal pathogens using culture and PCR. We analyzed 5 paraffin-embedded and 30 frozen tissue blocks from newly diagnosed (<italic>n </italic>= 15) and re-treatment (<italic>n </italic>= 15) patients.</p><p><bold>Results. </bold>We found that PCR was more sensitive than culture for the detection of possible etiological agents and predictors of squamous cell carcinoma (including <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, </italic>and <italic>Treponema denticola</italic>) (<italic>р</italic><italic> </italic>&lt;0.001). For example, <italic>Tannerella forsythia </italic>and <italic>Treponema denticola </italic>were detected only using PCR, whereas all cultures were negative. However, conventional culture proved to be more effective than PCR for the detection of <italic>Prevotella intermedia</italic>. Between 3 % and 100 % of newly diagnosed patients tested positive for <italic>Treponema denticola </italic>and some other periodontal pathogens (PCR) developed relapses, whereas among re-treatment patients, this proportion was 66.6 %.</p><p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The combination of the culture method and the polymerase chain reaction method in the study of periodontopathogenic microflora has shown high efficiency in identifying possible predictors of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa and in preventing the development of chronic infectious periodontal diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Сегодня активно обсуждается ассоциативная роль бактериального фактора в развитии как первичных злокачественных опухолей слизистой оболочки полости рта, так и рецидивов. В опубликованной нами ранее статье уже были описаны возможные механизмы действия пародонтопатогенной микрофлоры и ее связь с развитием плоскоклеточного рака слизистой оболочки полости рта через пролиферацию клеток, внутриклеточное накопление патогена, репликацию ДНК и влияние на сигнальные пути МАРК (митоген-активируемой протеинкиназы).</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– проанализировать влияние инфекционных агентов (пародонтопатогенов) на развитие основного заболевания и рецидивов у больных плоскоклеточным раком слизистой оболочки полости рта, а также оценить информативность культурального метода исследования и амплификации ДНК пародонтопатогенной микрофлоры.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Проведены культуральное исследование и определение ДНК пародонтопатогенов в опухолевой ткани методом полимеразной цепной реакции у 35 больных раком слизистой оболочки полости рта стадии Т3–4. Исследованы 5 образцов опухолевой ткани из ранее заготовленных парафиновых блоков и 30 свежезамороженных биоматериалов от первичных (<italic>n </italic>= 15) и повторных (<italic>n </italic>= 15) больных.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Анализ результатов исследований показал, что в случае выявления возможных этиологических агентов и предикторов плоскоклеточного рака (<italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia </italic>и <italic>Treponema denticola</italic>) метод ДНК-амплификации является более чувствительным, чем культуральный (<italic>р </italic>&lt;0,001). Так, <italic>Tannerella forsythia </italic>и <italic>Treponema denticola </italic>выделены только с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции, в то время как в ходе культурального исследования они обнаружены не были. Однако при диагностике <italic>Prevotella intermedia </italic>традиционный культу- ральный метод оказался более результативным. У первичных пациентов при ассоциации всех изучаемых пародонтопатогенов с <italic>Treponema denticola </italic>(метод определения ДНК) рецидивы отмечены в 3–100 % случаев в зависимости от сочетания с другими анаэробами, а у повторных больных – в 66,6 %.</p><p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Сочетание культурального метода и метода полимеразной цепной реакции при исследовании пародонтопатогенной микрофлоры показало высокую эффективность в выявлении возможных предикторов плоскоклеточного рака слизистой оболочки полости рта и в предупреждении развития хронических инфекционных заболеваний пародонта.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>periodontal pathogens</kwd><kwd>squamous cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>Prevotella spp.</kwd><kwd>Fusobacterium spp.</kwd><kwd>Tannerella forsythia</kwd><kwd>Treponema denticola</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пародонтопатогены</kwd><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак</kwd><kwd>Prevotella spp.</kwd><kwd>Fusobacterium spp.</kwd><kwd>Tannerella forsythia</kwd><kwd>Treponema denticola</kwd><kwd>Porphyromonas gingivalis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zelenova E.G., Zaslavskaya M.I., Salina E.V., Rassanov S.P. 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