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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">816</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2022-12-3-71-85</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL REPORT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Oral microbiota in patients with oropharyngeal cancer with an emphasis on <italic>Candida</italic> spp.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Микробиота полости рта у больных раком орофарингеальной области с акцентом на <italic>Candida</italic> spp.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-3536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagirova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багирова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya Sergeevna Bagirova </p><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Сергеевна Багирова </p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><email>nbagirova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3077-0447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petukhova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петухова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-1995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorievskaya</surname><given-names>Z. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьевская</surname><given-names>З. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-3200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sytov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сытов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4976-0145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Slukin</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слукин</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Territory of “Quarter A”, Moscow Region, village Obolensk 142279</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142279 пос. Оболенск, территория «Квартал А», 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-3646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goremykina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горемыкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Territory of “Quarter A”, Moscow Region, village Obolensk 142279</p><p>3 Prospekt Nauki,<sup> </sup>Moscow Region, Pushchino 142290</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142279 пос. Оболенск, территория «Квартал А», 24</p><p>142290 Пущино, проспект Науки, 3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2829-5117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlova</surname><given-names>O.  E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлова</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Territory of “Quarter A”, Moscow Region, village Obolensk 142279</p><p>3 Prospekt Nauki,<sup> </sup>Moscow Region, Pushchino 142290</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142279 пос. Оболенск, территория «Квартал А», 24</p><p>142290 Пущино, проспект Науки, 3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6053-2621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fursova</surname><given-names>N.  K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фурсова</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Territory of “Quarter A”, Moscow Region, village Obolensk 142279</p><p>3 Prospekt Nauki,<sup> </sup>Moscow Region, Pushchino 142290</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>142279 пос. Оболенск, территория «Квартал А», 24</p><p>142290 Пущино, проспект Науки, 3</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-9453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazimov</surname><given-names>A. E. </given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казимов</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Scientific Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of Rospotrebnadzor</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Государственный научный центр прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pushchinsky State Natural Science Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Пущинский государственный естественно-научный институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Bagirova N.S., Petukhova I.N., Grigorievskaya Z.V., Sytov A.V., Slukin P.V., Goremykina E.A., Khokhlova O.E., Fursova N.K., Kazimov A.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Багирова Н.С., Петухова И.Н., Григорьевская З.В., Сытов А.В., Слукин П.В., Горемыкина Е.А., Хохлова О.Е., Фурсова Н.К., Казимов А.Э.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bagirova N.S., Petukhova I.N., Grigorievskaya Z.V., Sytov A.V., Slukin P.V., Goremykina E.A., Khokhlova O.E., Fursova N.K., Kazimov A.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Багирова Н.С., Петухова И.Н., Григорьевская З.В., Сытов А.В., Слукин П.В., Горемыкина Е.А., Хохлова О.Е., Фурсова Н.К., Казимов А.Э.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/816">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/816</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Interactions between the 2 microbiota components – bacteria and fungi – are of interest as diagnostic and prognostic markers in selection of treatment tactics for oncological patients.</p><p><bold>Aim. </bold>To study microbiota of the oral cavity in patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharyngeal area before and after surgical intervention to find biomarkers for rational selection of antifungal drugs.</p><p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> At the Surgical Department of Head and Neck Tumors of the N. N. Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology, three-component study was performed: investigations of spectrum of <italic>Candida</italic> spp. isolates, <italic>Candida</italic> spp. strains’ resistance to antifungals, and oral washes in primary patients before and after surgery. mALDI-Tof microflex LT (Biotyper, Bruker Daltonics, germany) was used for strain identification; Sensititre Yeast ONE, YO10 (Trek Diagnostic System, united kingdom) plates were used for determination of minimal inhibiting concentrations of anti fungals. values of minimal inhibiting concentrations were evaluated based on the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EuCAST) criteria (version 10.0).</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> four-year observation of patients at the surgical department of head and neck tumors of the N. N. Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology showed that the most common species of <italic>Candida</italic> is <italic>C. albicans</italic> (73.5 % of cases). <italic>Candida</italic> spp. resistance to antifungals was detected only for fluconazole (9.3 % of cases) and micafungin (8.0 % of cases), mostly among <italic>C. albicans</italic> strains. In 31.8 % of primary patients, oral washes prior to surgery showed growth of <italic>Candida</italic> spp. (probably, tissue colonization). After surgical intervention, <italic>Candida</italic> spp. growth was detected in 36.4 % of cases, only 1 of which was diagnosed as invasive mycosis. In 54.5 % of cases before and in 72.7 % of cases after surgery, gram-negative rods were detected. After surgical intervention, percentage of enterobacteria and non-fermenters significantly increased: 59.1 % versus 27.3 % (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05) and 63.6 % versus 27.3 % (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.02), respectively. prior to surgery, non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria were represented only by <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic>; after surgery, the spectrum of non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria became wider but percentage of <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> remained high: 71.4 %. <italic>ERG11</italic> gene was identified only in 1 strain: <italic>C. albicans</italic>. <italic>FKS1</italic> gene also was identified only in 1 strain: <italic>C. inconspicua</italic>. virulence factor genes were detected in 57.1 % of strains.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Surgical intervention is associated with changes in bacterial microbiota but not fugal microbiota. presence of virulence factor genes and resistance genes in <italic>Candida</italic> spp. strains should be considered a biomarker allowing to differentiate between colonization and candida infection and can be used for rational selection of antifungal drugs in prevention and treatment of invasive candidiasis, especially in the absence of criteria for interpretation of measured minimal inhibiting concentrations of antifungals.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Процессы взаимосвязи 2 компонентов микробиоты – бактериального и грибкового – представляют интерес как диагностические и прогностические маркеры при выборе тактики лечения онкологических больных.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>– изучить микробиоту полости рта у первичных больных плоскоклеточным раком орофарингеальной области до и после оперативного вмешательства с целью поиска биомаркеров для рационального выбора антифунгальных препаратов.</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В хирургическом отделении опухолей головы и шеи Национального медицинского исследовательского центра онкологии им. Н. Н. блохина Минздрава России проведено трехкомпонентное исследование: изучение спектра изолятов <italic>Candida</italic> spp., резистентности штаммов <italic>Candida</italic> spp. к антимикотикам и смывов из полости рта у первичных больных до и после операции. Для идентификации штаммов использовался прибор mALDI-Tof microflex LT (Biotyper, Bruker Daltonics, германия), для определения минимальных ингибирующих концентраций антимикотиков – планшеты Sensititre Yeast ONE, YO10 (Trek Diagnostic System, Великобритания). значения минимальных ингибирующих концентраций оценивались по критериям европейского комитета по тестированию антимикробной чувствительности (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, EuCAST) (версия 10.0).</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> четырехлетнее наблюдение за пациентами, проводившееся в хирургическом отделении опухолей головы и шеи Национального медицинского исследовательского центра онкологии им. Н. Н. блохина Минздрава России, показало, что чаще всего встречается такой вид Candida, как <italic>C. albicans</italic> (73,5 % случаев). Резистентность <italic>Candida</italic> spp. к антимикотикам была выявлена только в отношении флуконазола (9,3 % случаев) и микафунгина (8,0 % случаев), в основном у штаммов <italic>C. albicans</italic>. у 31,8 % первичных больных в смывах из полости рта до операции наблюдался рост <italic>Candida</italic> spp. (скорее всего, колонизация тканей). после хирургического вмешательства рост <italic>Candida</italic> spp. отмечен в 36,4 % случаев, только 1 из них расценен как инвазивный микоз. В 54,5 % случаев до и в 72,7 % случаев после операции были зарегистрированы грамотрицательные палочки. после хирургического вмешательства доля энтеробактерий и неферментирующих грамотрицательных палочек статистически значимо увеличилась: 59,1 % против 27,3 % (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05) и 63,6 % против 27,3 % (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,02) соответственно. До операции неферментирующие грамотрицательные палочки были представлены только <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic>, после нее спектр неферментирующих грамотрицательных палочек расширился, но доля <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> по-прежнему была велика – 71,4 %. ген <italic>ERG11</italic> выявлен только у 1 штамма – <italic>C. albicans</italic>. ген <italic>FKS1</italic> также обнаружен только у 1 штамма – <italic>C. inconspicua</italic>. гены факторов патогенности детектированы у 57,1 % штаммов.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> хирургическое вмешательство связано с изменением состава бактериального компонента микробиоты, но не грибкового. Наличие у штаммов <italic>Candida</italic> spp. генов факторов патогенности и генов резистентности целесообразно рассматривать в качестве биомаркеров, позволяющих дифференцировать колонизацию и кандидозную инфекцию, которые можно использовать для рационального выбора антифунгальных препаратов при профилактике и лечении инвазивного кандидоза, особенно когда нет критериев интерпретации полученных значений минимальных ингибирующих концентраций антимикотиков.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd><italic>Candida</italic> spp.</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>ERG11</kwd><kwd>FKS1</kwd><kwd>pathogenic factors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плоскоклеточный рак полости рта</kwd><kwd><italic>Candida</italic> spp.</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd><kwd>ERG11</kwd><kwd>FKS1</kwd><kwd>факторы патогенности</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was done with the financial support of the Ministry of Health of Russia within the framework of the research work on the topic AAAA-A20-120031090079-6. 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