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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Head and Neck Tumors</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Опухоли головы и шеи</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2222-1468</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-4634</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Publishing House ABV Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">874</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17650/2222-1468-2023-13-1-116-125</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Anaplastic thyroid cancer: current capabilities of an oncologist</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анапластический рак щитовидной железы: возможности онколога на сегодняшний день</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8525-2906</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pylev</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пылев</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>22B Dukhovskoy pereulok, Moscow 115191</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115191 Москва, Духовской пер., 22Б</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3942-4102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis Sergeevich Romanov</p><p>22B Dukhovskoy pereulok, Moscow 115191</p><p>2 Budayskaya St., Moscow 129128</p><p>20/1 Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Сергеевич Романов</p><p>115191 Москва, Духовской пер., 22Б</p><p>129128 Москва, Будайская ул., 2</p><p>127473 Москва, Делегатская ул., 20/1</p></bio><email>romanovronc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-4929</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lasunin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ласунин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>16 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya St., Moscow 125047</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125047 Москва, 4-я Тверская-Ямская ул., 16</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9106-5277</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balaeva</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балаева</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Budayskaya St., Moscow 129128</p><p>20/1 Delegatskaya St., Moscow 127473</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>129128 Москва, Будайская ул., 2</p><p>127473 Москва, Делегатская ул., 20/1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakov</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казаков</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>22B Dukhovskoy pereulok, Moscow 115191</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115191 Москва, Духовской пер., 22Б</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Innovative Medical Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Центр инновационных медицинских технологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Clinical Hospital of Russian Railways-Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЧУЗ «Центральная клиническая больница РЖД-Медицина»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-01"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Pylev A.L., Romanov D.S., Lasunin N.V., Balaeva D.A., Kazakov M.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Пылев А.Л., Романов Д.С., Ласунин Н.В., Балаева Д.А., Казаков М.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pylev A.L., Romanov D.S., Lasunin N.V., Balaeva D.A., Kazakov M.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пылев А.Л., Романов Д.С., Ласунин Н.В., Балаева Д.А., Казаков М.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/874">https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/874</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Continuous development of oncology as a science in the last decades and years led to noticeable improvement in treatment outcomes for patients with various malignant tumors. Diagnostics, surgery, radiotherapy significantly contributed to this improvement, however they cannot be compared to the progress achieved through advancements in our knowledge of genetic structure of tumors and subsequent advancements in pharmacology which allowed to achieve qualitatively better survival in oncological patients. These advancements did not leave out such a serious and highly lethal, though fortunately rare, disease as anaplastic thyroid cancer. This article is dedicated to the possibilities of using checkpoint inhibitors in treatment of this pathology to increase expected life span of the patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Непрестанное развитие онкологии как науки в последние десятилетия и годы привело к заметному улучшению результатов лечения пациентов с различными злокачественными новообразованиями. Значимый вклад в это внесли и диагностика, и хирургия, и лучевая терапия, но его невозможно сравнить с прогрессом, достигнутым за счет совершенствования наших представлений о генетической структуре опухолей и основанных на данных представлениях достижений фармакологии, позволивших добиться качественно иных показателей продолжительности жизни онкологических больных. Названные достижения коснулись и такого серьезного и высоколетального заболевания, как анапластический рак щитовидной железы, к счастью, редко встречающегося в популяции. Данная работа посвящена возможностям применения ингибиторов контрольных точек в лечении этой патологии и увеличении ожидаемой продолжительности жизни пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anaplastic thyroid cancer</kwd><kwd>checkpoint inhibitors</kwd><kwd>pembrolizumab</kwd><kwd>metastatic brain damage</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анапластический рак щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы контрольных точек</kwd><kwd>пембролизумаб</kwd><kwd>метастатическое поражение головного мозга</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Are C., Shaha A.R. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: biology, pathogenesis, prognostic factors, and treatment approaches. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13(4):453–64. DOI: 10.1245/ASO.2006.05.042</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smallridge R.C., Ain K.B., Asa S.L. et al. 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