Head and Neck TumorsHead and Neck TumorsОпухоли головы и шеи2222-14682411-4634Publishing House ABV Press96710.17650/2222-1468-2024-14-1-39-48REVIEWОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯThe results of immunotherapy in patients with recurrent and metastatic human papilloma virus positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomaВлияние ассоциированности опухоли с вирусом папилломы человека на результаты иммунотерапии у пациентов с рецидивным и метастатическим плоскоклеточным раком головы и шеиhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6796-0968IgnatovaA. V.ИгнатоваА. В.
Russian Federation

Anastasia V. Ignatova.

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522; 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117198

Игнатова Анастасия Валерьевна.

115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24; 117198 Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

annasurge@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6851-9867AlymovYu. V.АлымовЮ. В.
Russian Federation

24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522

115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24

N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of RussiaФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава РоссииPeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»2806202414139480404202427062024Copyright ©; 2024, Ignatova A.V., Alymov Y.V.Copyright ©; 2024, Игнатова А.В., Алымов Ю.В.2024Ignatova A.V., Alymov Y.V.Игнатова А.В., Алымов Ю.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://ogsh.abvpress.ru/jour/article/view/967

Human papilloma virus (HPV), primarily type 16 (less commonly type 18), is associated with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). According to literature data, between 25 and 70 % of all cases of this cancer are linked to HPV infection. In the USA and some countries of the European Union, HPV-associated OPSCC comprises 60-70 % of all cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. HPV-associated OPSCC is characterized by more favorable prognosis and higher survival compared to HPV-negative OPSCC. These types of this pathology are differently characterized in the 8th edition Tumor, Nodus and Metastasis (TNM). Significant differences in survival and disease prognosis led to studies aimed at deintensification of standard OPSCC treatment to minimize adverse events without the loss of effectiveness. Despite more favorable clinical progression, in 15 % of patients with HPV-associated OPSCC even after standard therapy recurrences and/or regional/distant metastases are observed which lead to unfavorable prognosis. Modern treatment schemes for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma include immunotherapy, results of which also depend on HPV-status of the tumor. While clinical trials studying effectiveness of immune drugs include patients with HPV-positive tumors, data on treatment outcomes are contradictory, and molecular mechanisms of HPV effect on the immune response are not fully understood.

The article summarizes the data on the effect of positive HPV status on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with progressing/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ), преимущественно 16-го (реже 18-го) типа, ассоциирован с развитием плоскоклеточного рака ротоглотки (ПРР). Согласно данным литературы, от 25 до 70 % всех случаев данного заболевания связаны с ВПЧ-инфекцией. В США и некоторых странах европейского союза частота ВПЧ-ассоциированного ПРР достигает 60-70 % всех случаев плоскоклеточного рака головы и шеи. Для ВПЧ-положительного ПРР характерны благоприятный прогноз и более высокие показатели выживаемости по сравнению с ВПЧ-отрицательным ПРР. Эти варианты данной патологии по-разному классифицируются в Tumor, Nodus and Metastasis (TNM) 8-го издания. Значительная разница в показателях выживаемости и прогнозе заболевания стала причиной проведения исследований, направленных на изучение возможности деинтенсификации стандартного лечения ПРР с целью минимизации нежелательных явлений без потери эффективности. Несмотря на более благоприятное клиническое течение, у 15 % пациентов с ВПЧ-ассоциированным ПРР даже после стандартной терапии развиваются рецидивы и/или регионарные/ отдаленные метастазы, что связано с неблагоприятным прогнозом. Современные схемы лечения рецидивного/метастатического плоскоклеточного рака головы и шеи включают иммунотерапию, результаты которой также могут зависеть от ВПЧ-статуса опухоли. Несмотря на то что в клинические исследования, посвященные изучению эффективности иммунопрепаратов, входят пациенты с ВПЧ-положительными опухолями, данные о результатах лечения являются неоднозначными, к тому же молекулярные механизмы влияния ВПЧ на иммунный ответ в полной мере не изучены.

В статье обобщены данные о влиянии положительного ВПЧ-стасуса на эффективность иммунотерапии пациентов с прогрессирующим/метастатическим плоскоклеточным раком головы и шеи.

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