New-generation mutitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer

Background. Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the common oncological disease of the head and neck. However, its treatment is sharply restricted in a locally advanced and metastatic cancer process. In the past decade, there have been fundamental changes in the understanding of the molecular bases of thyroid carcinogenesis, resulting in the design of novel targeted drugs aimed at disseminated and refractory TC control. Multikinase inhibitors that are able to block the processes of proliferation, invasion, and neoangiogenesis are being intensively studied worldwide. Performed placebo-controlled trials have culminated in the registration of the antitumor drugs that is highly active against disseminated medullary and differentiated TC, which will make a change in the situation in treating radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated TC in the near future.

Objective: to review recent advances in the targeted therapy of TC with particular emphasis on lenvatinib, a multikinase inhibitor.