Incidence of malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors (С70–C72) in Siberia and the Russian Far East

Introduction. Malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors show a statistically significant increased incidence worldwide (GLOBOCAN, 2018).

The study objective – to estimate the incidence of malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors in Siberia and the Russian Far East.

Materials and methods. Using data from the population-based cancer registry in Siberia and the Russian Far East, we calculated the cancer incidence rates, the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), the index accuracy (the ratio of the number of cancer-related deaths to the number of new cases) of malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors during the period 2010 to 2019.

Results. During the period 2010 to 2019, brain and other central nervous system malignances in males were the 14^th most common cancers in Siberian and the Russian Far Eastern region, with the incidence of 1.6 % in 2010 and 1.5 % in 2019. In females, brain and other central nervous system malignances were the 16^th most common cancers, with the equal incidence of 1.3 % in 2010 and 2020. Overall, the incidence rate of malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors in Siberian and the Russian Far Eastern regions increased from 5.1 to 5.6 per 100 000 with rate of increase of 9.8 %, including the territories of the Republic of Kamchatka (238.5 %), Amur (147.8 %), Khakassia (89.1 %), Irkutsk (65,1 %), Krasnoyarsk (37.8 %), and Primorsky (33.3 %) regions. The incidence rate decreased in the Kemerovo region (34.4 %) and the Trans-Baikal Territory (44.4 %). In women of Siberian and the Russian Far Eastern regions, the incidence rate was slightly increased from 3.7 to 4.0 per 100 000, the overall rate of increase being 8.1 %. The highest incidence rate was registered in the Altai Territory (47.8 %), Novosibirsk region (33.3 %), the Republic of Khakassia (25.0 %), Amur region (246.2 %), but the lowest incidence rate was observed in the Kemerovo region (7.0 %) and the Trans-Baikal Territory (61.1 %).

The index accuracy indicated problems with the quality of territorial cancer registries. In males, the reduced the index accuracy was observed in Siberian and the Russian Far Eastern regions as a whole and amounted to 0.81. The index accuracy was also observed in the Krasnoyarsk, Primorsky, Kamchatka, Novosibirsk and Amur regions, as well as in the Republic of Khakassia, whereas the increased index accuracy was observed in the Kemerovo Region, Altai Republic, Khabarovsk and Trans-Baikal Territories. In females, the increased index accuracy was observed Siberian and the Russian Far Eastern regions as a whole, being 0.78 in 2019, and in the Krasnoyarsk, Kamchatka, Tomsk regions, as well as in the Republic of Khakassia. The reduced index accuracy was noted in the Altai, Primorsky Territories and the Amur Region.

Conclusion. The problems of registration and monitoring of malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors in Russia does not make it possible to present the true incidence rate of these tumors. The development and implementation of a Neuro-Oncology Registry in accordance with the international standards will allow full analysis of the epidemiological situation of malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors.

1. Merabishvili V.M., Dyachenko A.A., Krasil’nikov A.V. et al. Epidemiology of malignant neoplasms of the brain and other parts of the central nervous system in the North-Western Federal District of Russia. Voprosy onkologii = Questions of Oncology 2014;60(1): 32–40. (In Russ.).

2. Bray F., Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68(6):394–424. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21492.

3. Ostrom Q.T., Patil N., Cioffi G. et al. CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2013-2017. Neuro-Oncology 2020;22(1):1–96. DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa200.

4. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2010 (morbidity and mortality). Ed. by V.I. Chissov, V.V. Starinskij, G.V. Petrova. M.: Federal State Budgetary Institution “P.A. Herzen MNIOI” of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia, 2012. (In Russ.).

5. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2019 (morbidity and mortality). Ed. by A.D. Kaprin, V.V. Starinskij, A.O. Shakhzаdovа. M.: P.A. Herzen Moscow State Medical Research Institute – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “NMIC of Radiology” of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 2020. (In Russ.).

6. Zhuykova L.D., Choynzonov E.L., Ananina O.A. et al. Oncological morbidity in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. Sibirskij onkologicheskij zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Oncology 2019;18(6): 5–11. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2019-18-6-5-11.

7. Men’ T.Kh., Rykov M.Yu., Polyakov V.G. Malignant neoplasms in children in Russia: main indicators and trends. Rossijskij onkologicheskij zhurnal = Russian Journal of Oncology 2015;(2):43–7. (In Russ.).

8. Dyachenko A.A., Subbotina A.V., Izmaylov T.R. et al. Epidemiology of primary brain tumors (literature review). Vestnik Rossijskogo nauchnogo centra rentgenoradiologii = Bulletin of the Russian Scientific Center of Radiology 2013; 13(1):1–37. (In Russ.).

9. Novikov V.A., Gribova O.V., Ryabova A.I. et al. New technologies in the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the head and neck. Sibirskij onkologicheskij zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Oncology 2015;2:36–8. (In Russ.).

10. Перечень редких (орфанных) заболеваний. Доступно по: https://minzdrav.gov.ru/documents/8048-perechen-redkih-orfannyh-zabolevaniy.

11. Petrova G.V., Gretsova O.P., Kaprin A.D. et al. Characteristics and methods of calculating medical and statistical indicators used in oncology. Moscow: P.A. Herzen Moscow State Medical Research Institute, 2014. (In Russ.).

12. Merabishvili V.M. The index of reliability of accounting is the most important criterion for an objective assessment of the activity of the oncological service for all localities of malignant neoplasms, regardless of the level of mortality of patients. Voprosy onkologii = Questions of Oncology 2019;65(4):510–5. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.37469/0507-3758-2019-65-4-510-515.

13. Choynzonov E.L., Zhuykova L.D., Odintsova I.N. et al. Mortality of the population of the Tomsk region from malignant neoplasms of the respiratory system. Sibirskij onkologicheskij zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Oncology 2018;17(3):5–10. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21294/1814-4861-2018-17-3-5-10.

14. Zhuykova L.D., Choynzonov E.L., Ananina O.A. et al. The state of oncological care for the population of the administrative centers of the Siberian Federal District. Profilakticheskaya medicina = Preventive medicine 2021;24(3):7–13. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/profmed2021240317.

15. Zozulya Yu.A., Malysheva T.A. Current aspects of morphological diagnosis of tumors of the central nervous system. Onkologiya = Oncology 2010;12(3):263–9. (In Russ.).