The histologic picture of the medullary cancer can resemble a papillary and follicular cancer that takes away doctors towards the wrong statement of the diagnosis. Therefore it is necessary to investigate calcitonin in the presence of knot in a thyroid gland. Research on existence of mutation RET-protoonkogen is obligatory for an exception of hereditary forms of the medullary cancer. Research of time of doubling of calcitonin in the postoperative period allows to predict survival of patients. Bisfosfonates interfere with progressing of metastatic process at the medullary cancer of the thyroid gland.

The paper presents information on a case of successful repair with a pectoral musculocutaneous flap for a paratracheostomic recurrence of laryngeal cancer.

In patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) recurrence the metastatic tumor foci in numerous cases are not responded to radioiodine therapy which seriously deteriorate survival prognosis. In this article the contemporary evidential basis is analyzed so as to determine criteria of the resistance to radiodiodine therapy in inoperable WDTC patients.

The paper analyzes treatments for glioblastoma. The role of resurgery, reradiotherapy, and antitumor drug therapy in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma has been studied. Multicenter trials of the use of temozolamide and temozolomide in combination with bevacizumab have been reviewed. It has been shown that the use of bevacizumab to treat patients with glioblastoma makes it possible to increase survival and to improve quality of life.

The paper describes the experience with accompanying therapy in patients after endoscopic laryngeal surgery, which has been gained at the Unit of Head and Neck Tumors, Moscow City Cancer Hospital Sixty-Two. Endolaryngeal operations have been performed using robotic CO2 laser and alternative modes of mechanical ventilation. Methods for abolishing laser-induced reactive tissue changes with different groups of pharmaceuticals are considered. Both the possible side effects of some drugs and their potential interaction are taken into account. The high efficacy of current inhalation systems (PARI) delivering the required doses of medicaments over a short period of time and with minimal losses and regulating their dispersion in relation to the drug used is noted

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Independent thermochemoradiation therapy was performed in 31 patients with laryngeal cancer (Т3–4N0–3M0). A radiotherapy (RT) regimen (1 + 1-Gy) was conducted in 2 steps (at 3–5-hour intervals) 5 times weekly up to a cumulative focal dose (CFD) of 50–52  Gy at a 2-week interval after a CFD of 30–32 Gy (Step 1). Local hyperthermia was carried out twice weekly before the second RT fraction in 3– 6 sessions. On the days of local hyperthermia, the second RT fraction was increased up to 3 Gy. Combination chemotherapy cycles were combined with RT at the start of each treatment step.

Complete and partial responses of a primary tumor were observed in 25 (80.6 %) and 6 (19.3 %) patients, respectively. Out of 12 patients with N1–3 tumors, there were 5 (41.7 %) and 5 (41.7 %) persons who showed complete and partial responses, respectively. Five-year overall survival was 88.2 % for patients with Т3N0 and 62.1 % for those with Т4N1–3. The local control of T3 and T4 was 88.2 and 77.8 %, respectively; the regional control of N1–3 was 33.3 %. Late laryngeal edema and perichondititis developed in 4 (12.9 %) and 3 (9.7 %) patients, respectively.

The paper gives a clinical observation of follicular thyroid cancer. The latter is frequently indistinguishable from follicular adenoma macroscopically and microscopically, which gives rise to certain difficulties in differential diagnosis and treatment policy. It describes a rare case of a contralateral metastasis from follicular thyroid cancer to the tubular bone with a long history of the disease and indicates the complexity of pre-, intra-, and postoperative diagnosis and the possibilities of surgical treatment.

The mandibular periosteum is regarded as a metastatic site for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. This investigation is based on the clinical observations of 152 patients with locally advanced and recurrent oropharyngeal carcinoma, who have undergone surgery as part of combined and combination treatment at the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncology Dispensary (Branch One) in the period 2005 to2014. In9 (6 %) patients of them, mandibular periosteal metastases were the only manifestation of disease progression after termination of combined and combination treatment. The metastases were not verified before surgery and their manifestation was not accompanied by a local relapse or regional and distant metastases. In all the 9 patients, the mandibular periosteal metastasis was located in the projection of a previously removed tumor. When the surgery was attended by segmental resection of the lower jaw in the combined and combination treatment of locally advanced or recurrent oropharyngeal carcinoma, the mandibular periosteum to be removed is an effective measure to prevent the spread of periosteal micrometastases that could not be diagnosed preoperatively. Thus, the mandibular periosteum should be considered to be one of the metastatic sites for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, which must be taken into account when planning an operation in the combined and combination treatment of patients with locally advanced and those with a disease recurrence.

The paper discusses whether palliative treatment using a developed treatment option can be used in patients with regional metastases from malignant head and neck tumors. An analysis of the results of treating 115 patients has established that modified local thermochemotherapy should be performed, which can improve the immediate results of treatment.

The paper gives information on postoperative complications in 81 patients with locally advanced and recurrent oropharyngeal cancer who have been operated on at Oncology Department One of the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncology Dispensary (Branch One) in the period 2005 to 2011 (at the Oncology Dispensary of the city ofNizhny Novgorodprior to 2010).

Twenty fifty-nine patients with oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (a study group) and 50 healthy volunteers (a control group) were followed up. The poor prognosis and occurrence of early recurrences correlated with the simultaneous high level of C-reactive protein (CRP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) (and an increase in their values over time), elevated WNC, ACN, and PLT levels, low Caspase-3 expression, high p53 and bcl-2 expression, and the absence of lower Ki-67 expression over time, and the presence of EBV and CMV in tumor tissue. Decreased Ki-67 index at the stages of treatment, high Caspase-3 expression, low bcl-2 and p53 expression, and low CRP, CEA, and SCCA levels, and tumor HPV-positive status were associated with the favorable prognosis of a tumor process.