The paper describes the first experience with the Russian drug Ingaron from an interferon-group in the treatment of patients with conjunctival melanoma. The positive result obtained during 5-to-62-month follow-ups allows its therapeutic action to be positively appreciated.

Macular area changes arising after transpupillary thermotherapy for extrafoveal choroidal melanomas were studied in 23 patients. Risk factors for this complication were identified; these were the tumor margin being close (1−4.5 mm) to the foveola; temporal localization of melanoma; eyeground comorbidity (age-related macular degeneration, high-grade myopathy).

Much attention has been recently given to the prognosis of extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). All currently available prognostic scales fail to fully characterize the prognosis of primary NHL of the eye and its accessory apparatus.

The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors for vision and life in patients with primary NHL of the organ of vision. Retrospective and prospective studies of the specific features of the disease in 94 patients with primary NHL of the organ of vision revealed some factors influencing its prognosis.

The most common malignant eyelid tumors are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The study enrolled 28 patients (28 eyes) (8 men and 20 women) (mean age 74.1 ± 7.6 years). The postoperative follow-up was 23.3 ± 9.8 months. The objective of this investigation was to study the results of plastic surgery using flaps for extensive eyelid defects after removal of malignant epithelial eyelid neoplasms. The presented results of full-thickness resection of malignant epithelial eyelid neoplasms with single-stage flap reconstruction of extensive defects of the eyelid demonstrate good functional and cosmetic rehabilitation in the patients.

After brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma, mild and moderate secondary dry eye syndrome was established in 87.2 and 12.8 % of the patients, respectively. Biomicroscopic changes in the ocular surface were seen in the postradiation period over time. Out of the functional studies, there was timing of precorneal tear film rupture, meniscometry using optical coherent tomography, which proved to be of the most informative value. The findings suggested that at 1 year of brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma, the secondary dry eye syndrome was accompanied by a significant reduction in the rupture time for the precorneal tear film and by a decrease in the height of the lower tear meniscus.

The paper analyzes the clinical and epidemiological aspects of polyneoplasms of the organ of vision, shows the incidence rate of this abnormality in the pattern of neoplasms of the eye, and determines the specific features of the age-sex composition of patients and the clinical course characterized by a predominance of the metachronic type of a tumor process and by the most common concurrence with malignant skin tumors or breast cancer.

A comprehensive examination was made in 93 patients, including 18 children, with tumors of the optic nerve (ON). Duplex ultrasound scanning was performed in 39 patients, of them there were 11 patients with ON gliomas and 28 with ON meningiomas. The specific computed tomographic and echographic signs of ON glioma and meningiomas were detected. The studies have shown that duplex ultrasound scanning and structural computed tomography of orbital sockets are highly informative complementary imaging procedures for ON tumors, which permits one to make their correct diagnosis, to specify surgical volume, and to plan adequate treatment.

This paper gives the data of a retrospective analysis of medical records in 328 patients undergoing enucleation for uveal melanomas (UM) in 1962 to 2007, who have been followed up in the Moscow City Ophthalmic Oncology Dispensary since 2002. Tumor invasion into the optic disk (OD) occurred in 12 (3.66 %) eyes, 8 of which were found to have pre- and laminar tumor invasion. At the same time, the main cause of OD invasion of a tumor was its juxtapapillary location. It is shown that although all juxtapapillary UMs are virtually outside the area of their primary anatomic location (choroidea), the tumor goes out of the scleral capsule less frequently than that at other sites and the survival may be more than 5 years even if the tumor goes out of the cribriform lamina and a tumor nodule forms outside the optic nerve membranes. 

The results of the comprehensive diagnosis (computed tomography, thermography, fine needle aspiration cytology, exploratory orbitotomy with histological and immunohistochemical studies of orbital tumor biopsy specimens) and treatment (polychemotherapy and teleradiotherapy) were analyzed in 66 patients (80 orbital sockets) with malignant (non-Hodgkin’s) lymphomas of the orbit in the period 2008–2011.

The overview of single publications on brachytherapy (BT) for orbital tumors generates only a shallow idea of the technique. In spite of attempts to clinically use BT, many questions remain to be further discussed and investigated; these are how to draw an individual plan for orbital tumor irradiation; what program should be used to plan BT; which dosage load should be applied to the structure of the orbit and eye, and many other questions. Experimental studies are a necessary stage to solving the arising problems and tasks related to BT for orbital tumors. The calculations have shown that ¹²⁵I BT is a possible alternative to teleradiotherapy for malignant orbital tumors in terms of dosimetry and technical feasibility. 

Thirty-six cases of metastatic dissemination were analyzed in detail in patients with uveal melanoma after treatment. The onset time and risk factors of metastatic spread after different treatment options for uveal melanoma are given.

A locomotor stump was formed in 36 patients (28 women and 8 men), by implanting an endoprosthesis for enucleation of the eyeball with uveal melanoma (UM). The indication for endoprosthesis implantation was no signs of extrabulbar growth. A modified 17–19 mm silicone implant covered with strips from a dura mater graft and medical mesh fabric was used as an orbital implant. The follow-up was 3 to 72 months (mean 32.5 months). All the patients achieved a satisfactory cosmetic effect. None patient was found to have a recurrent orbital tumor. Out of the complications, anterior implant surface denudation was noted in 4 patients. Two patients developed metastases. The absence of recurrent orbital UM at a 6-year follow-up enables primary endoprosthetic replacement of the orbit for UM to be regarded as a safe and reasonable method for patient cosmetic rehabilitation. 

The paper analyzes quality-of-life indicators in patients with choroidal melanoma after organ-removing and organ-saving treatments. Their quality of life after different treatments was found to have no statistically significant differences. Enucleation in patients with choroidal melanoma ensured higher values in the block of emotional well-being after surgery. After organ-saving treatment, the patients showed a significant reduction in quality of life as a total score in the late follow-up period. 

Orthopedic treatment was performed in 53 patients with postoperative defects in the orbital area during 1969–2012. The developed practical guidelines could improve the cosmetic aspects of ectoprostheses, their fixation, and quality of life in the patients.

The paper gives the detailed surgical techniques of midline mandibulotomy, as applied to the surgical stage in the combined and complex treatment of the posterior third of the tongue. Based on the presented data on midline mandibulotomy that allows adequate access to the removed tumor and recovery of natural anatomical relationships, one may consider it to be a component of functional rehabilitation in patients.

The frequency of second-look operations in children with thyroid gland carcinoma is 39 %. There are several main reasons: non-radical operations were done out of cancer-care facility (7.3 %); regional recurrences (19.5 %); local recurrence (2.4 %); distant metastases (9.7 %), recurrence hyperdiagnostic (9.8 %) of thyroid gland cancer. Children with tumors T3–4, N1 and non-radical first operations are related to the risk group of thyroid gland cancer regional recurrences and distant metastases. 

Solasodine rhamnosyl glycosides (BEC) are a new class of antineoplastics, the efficiency of which administered via intravenous, intraperitoneal, and intratumoral routes is higher than that of many other antitumor agents. Early investigations have established the efficiency of topical BEC applications as a treatment option for non-melanoma skin cancers. There have recently been two clinical cases that count in favor of the fact that the cream formulation Curaderm containing BEC has a very high efficacy in the treatment of large non-melanoma skin cancers that are incurable by other existing methods. Also, Curaderm treatment shows a splendid cosmetic effect. 

Soft tissue sarcomas constitute approximately 8–10 % of all malignancies in children and adolescents and half of them are rhabdomyosarcoma. The second half makes up a heterogeneous group of malignancies of mesenchymal non-rhabdoid origin, which have been recently referred to as an individual group of non-rhabdoid soft tissue sarcomas (an adult type) in increasing frequency. The choice of a treatment option depends on a number of factors: its histological structure, location, stage of a tumor; the possible performance of radical surgery; and the grade of tumor differentiation. Surgery is the basic treatment; if it is impossible, chemoradiotherapy is performed at stage 1. 

Myxoma is a benign tumor of connective tissue. Myxomas are located in all organs, but very rarely in the head and neck area; a few cases of their involvement have been reported in the world literature. According to the authors’ data, these tumors have demonstrated a benign clinical course with a recurring trend and they are associated with fibrous dysplasias. The paper presents a case of a laryngeal myxoma.