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Head and Neck Tumors (HNT)

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No 1 (2013)
https://doi.org/10.17650/2222-1468-2013-0-1

ORIGINAL REPORT

43-48 683
Abstract

The Ural Center for Neutron Therapy performs combined photon-neutron therapy for cancer patients, by applying an ELLIT-80 gamma unit and a NG-12I neutron generator. After modernization of the NG-12I generator, there was a need for redetermination of the relative biological efficiency (RBE) to optimize radiotherapy for the patients. An exotest was used to experimentally estimate RBE according to the survival criteria for stem hematopoietic cells in CBA mice after modernization of the equipment generated by the NG-12I unit with respect to the gamma radiation generated by the ELLIT-80 unit. The investigation established that the RBE factor of NG-12I unit-induced radiation determined as the ratio of equally effective doses (our study used D0) was 1.53 for an acute radiation regimen. During fractional radiation, the RBE factor of neutron radiation was 3.05. That is to say, the total neutron radiation dose replacing 20 % gamma radiation (13 Gy) in the used photon-neutron therapy regimen is 4.26 Gy. The experimental findings have led us to conclude that the previously described neuron therapy regimen may be optimized, by increasing the contribution of neutrons to the total course of radiotherapy in a definite category of patients with radioresistant tumors of the head and neck.

CASE REPORTS

49-52 910
Abstract

Neck cysts are rather commonly encountered in the practice of a surgeon, including an oncologist, who treats diseases of the head and neck. At the same time there are rare involvements of the organs and soft tissues of the neck. In particular, echinococcosis of neck soft tissues is an unusual site for hydatid cyst. Accounts of this involvement are found only as single communications in the literature. The presented case of hydatid cyst illustrates a variety of neck abnormalities.

53-55 1932
Abstract

Acinic cell carcinomas (ACC) constitute 5 to 11 % of all salivary gland cancers. ACCs arise from the reserve precursor cells of the terminal and intercalated ducts. The tumor results from the neoplastic proliferation and aberrant differentiation of reserve pluripotent cells that are normally located in the transition of acini into the intercalated ducts of the salivary gland and/or into the intercalated ducts proper of mature salivary glands. ACCs chiefly affect the major salivary glands; sporadic cases of its involvement of the minor salivary glands have been described in the literature. This paper presents a clinical case of ACC of the minor salivary glands.

56-59 1061
Abstract

 The occipital condyle syndrome (OCS) is a rare and little-known neurological syndrome pathognomonic of metastatic involvement of the occipital condyle. OCS is the first significant sign of secondary involvement of the atlantooccipital joint in patients with a history of cancer. The early detection of skull base metastases permits timely use of radiation treatments and avoidance of surgical interventions.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HEAD AND NECK TUMORS

4-16 896
Abstract

Case histories of 366 patients with cancer of the oral mucosa, tongue, and oropharynx who had received cryogenic treatment at the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center in the period 1975 to 2009 served as the material for the investigation. Analysis of the longterm results of cryogenic treatment for primary and recurrent cancers and tumors untreated after traditional treatments showed the efficiency of this method in 75.8 and 48.2 % of primary and recurrent cancer patients, respectively. Five- and ten-year relapse-free survival rates were 73 and 68 %, respectively; and the survival rates after 15 years remained stable and those after 20 years averaged 65 % for all sites of oropharyngeal cancer. Recurrent cancer occurred in 21.4 % of the 303 patients who had completed treatment: in 15.2 % of the patients with primary cancer and in 21.7 % of those with recurrent cancer and untreated tumors. Local complications emerged from the wound in 18.3 % and were arrested in the postoperative period. Cryogenic treatment is recommended for oncological practice; its indications and contraindications were defined.

17-21 853
Abstract

Segmental mandibular resection is frequently a mandatory component of combination surgery in the treatment of locally advanced and recurrent oropharyngeal cancer.

Objective: to detail the specific features of segmental mandibular resection, as applied to combination and complex treatment of locally advanced and recurrent oropharyngeal cancer. This study was based on the clinical observations of 31 patients with locally advanced and recurrent oropharyngeal cancer, who had been operated on in Cancer Surgery Unit One, Nizhny Regional Oncology Dispensary, Branch One (Nizhny Novgorod Oncology Dispensary before 2010), in the period 2005 to 2011.

Results. Postoperative complications developed in 16 (50 %) patients: mild, moderate, and severe complications in 2, 8, and 6 patients, respectively. Thirteen patients were alive more than 2 years after surgery. Among in the deceased (n = 18), the cause of death was primary tumor progression in 10 patients; lung metastases developed in 1 patient; a second primary tumor (central lung cancer) did in 1 case. In the immediate postoperative period, two patients died (from gastric bleedingand pulmonary thromboembolism). In 4 dead patients, the causes of death were unassociated with a tumor process, but were associated with cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion. Segmental mandibular resection techniques during surgery are responsible for not only the frequency of postoperative complications, but also primarily for the efficiency of performed surgical treatment.

22-24 4257
Abstract

The method of operation at locally-advanced tongue cancer and cancer of oral cavity is presented. Cutaneous tongue-formed incision is performed in submaxillary area. Cellulocutaneous flap is formed in size corresponding to the size of intraoral tumour. Lymphadissection is performed. The primary process is removed by intraoral way. The formed cellulocutaneous flap isexteriorized into oral cavity without tension by means of submaxillary approach through the incision in diaphragm of floor of mouth cavity, put onto wound surface and fixed to edges of normal tissues. The flap basement and its fragment passing in the wound canal are de-epidermized. Such operation has been performed in 22 patients. The method allows to preserve tongue function without its deformation and falling back, improves life quality, restores natural breathing, swallowing and speech. By the end of 24 months survival in free period was observed in 43.8 ± 11.0 % patients, total survival – 56.3 ± 10.0 % patients.

25-28 658
Abstract

Aim of the investigation: to improve prophylaxis of dental complications during the therapy in the patients with locally distributed cancer of oral cavity mucus.

Materials. Results of sanation of oral cavity in 305 patients with cancer of oral and pharyngeal area are analyzed.

Results. The best results are noted in the patients given surgical sanation before chemo-radial therapy. The most number of complications is observed when teeth were extracted after chemical therapy in the period of radial therapy at summary focal dose above 20 Gy as well as in the late periods after radial therapy.

Conclusion. A complex of preventive measures with using haemostatic sponge with canamycin in such patients decreases the number of complications and the terms of healing of alveoli of extracted teeth.

29-32 573
Abstract

The paper deals with the prevention of suture failure after surgery for locally advanced malignancies of the head and neck. According to the data of different authors, postoperative festering wounds may be noted in 40–60 % of patients and persistent pharyngeal defects are seen in 10–35 % of cases. The efficacy of applying rich-enriched autoplasma membranes to the suture area is clinically evaluated. Platelets are known to be the most convenient and inexpensive source of proteins, the growth factors involved in the regeneration of affected tissues. The experience in their use in dentistry, cardiovascular surgery, and traumatology is richest. The above properties of platelets are a theoretical premise for their employment when forming a pharyngeal suture to enhance its stability.

REVIEWS

33-38 853
Abstract

The review evaluates the use of the most common molecular biological markers to predict the course of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. It is proposed to use the markers Ki-67 and p53 as criteria and to take into account the specific features of the angioarchitectonics of a tumor.

39-42 654
Abstract

The incidence of the population of Russia malignant tumors of maxillofacial region increase every year by 1.53%. Increase of morbidity for the period from 2000 to 2010 is 16.39%. A high level of prevalence can be included to the problem of early diagnosis. Detection of biomarkers in saliva has emerged as a novel approach for the diagnosis of malignant tumors of the oral cavity and its developmental stages including, initial process, invasion, recurrence and treatment.

NCCN GUIDELINES TM. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CANCERS

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ISSN 2222-1468 (Print)
ISSN 2411-4634 (Online)